Metal Nanocomposites Reinforced by Ceramic Nanoarchitecture: Exploiting Extrinsic Size Effects for High Mechanical Strength.

The pursuit of harnessing superior mechanical properties achieved through the size effect on a macroscopic scale has been a prominent focus in engineering, as size-induced strengthening is enabled only in the nanoscale regime. This study presents a metal/ceramic/metal (MCM) nanocomposite reinforced by ceramic nanoarchitectures. Through proximity-field nanopatterning, the inch-scale production of nanoarchitecture films is enabled in a single fabrication step.

Differences in alternative splicing events in the adaptive strategies of two Daphnia galeata genotypes induced by fish kairomones.

Background: Daphnia galeata is a suitable model organism for investigating predator-induced defense. Genes and pathways exhibiting differential expression between fish kairomone-treated and untreated groups in D. galeata have been identified.

Switchable tribology of ferroelectrics.

Switchable tribological properties of ferroelectrics offer an alternative route to visualize and control ferroelectric domains. Here, we observe the switchable friction and wear behavior of ferroelectrics using a nanoscale scanning probe-down domains have lower friction coefficients and show slower wear rates than up domains and can be used as smart masks. This asymmetry is enabled by flexoelectrically coupled polarization in the up and down domains under a sufficiently high contact force.

Comparative transcriptome analysis of two Daphnia galeata genotypes displaying contrasting phenotypic variation induced by fish kairomones in the same environment of the Han River, Korea.

Background: Phenotypic plasticity is a crucial adaptive mechanism that enables organisms to modify their traits in response to changes in their environment. Predator-induced defenses are an example of phenotypic plasticity observed across a wide range of organisms, from single-celled organisms to vertebrates. In addition to morphology and behavior, these responses also affect life-history traits.

sp. nov., isolated from .

A Gram-stain-negative, rod-shaped, polar flagellated, aerobic, light-yellow bacterium, designated as 2012CJ41-6, was isolated from a sponge sample of from Chuja-myeon, Jeju-si, Jeju-do, Republic of Korea. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequencing, strain 2012CJ41-6 clustered with species of the genus and appeared closely related to . DSM 27839 (96.

Direct Probing of Lattice-Strain-Induced Oxygen Release in LiCoO and Li MnO without Electrochemical Cycling.

Since the recognition of a significant oxygen-redox contribution to enhancing the capacity of Li transition-metal oxide cathodes, the oxygen release and subsequent structural variations together with capacity fading are critical issues to achieve better electrochemical performance. As most previous reports dealt with the structural degradation of cathodes after electrochemical cycling, it is fairly difficult to clarify how substantial the effect of lattice strain on the oxygen release will be while exclusively ruling out any electrochemical influences. By utilizing nanoindentation and mechanical surface polishing of single-crystal LiCoO and Li MnO , the local variations of both the atomic structure and oxygen content are scrutinized.

100 years after Griffith: From brittle bulk fracture to failure in 2D materials.

Brittle fracture and ductile failure are critical events for any structural or functional component, as it marks the end of lifetime and potential hazard to human life. As such, materials scientists continuously strive to better understand and subsequently avoid these events in modern materials. A century after the seminal initial contribution by Griffith, fracture mechanics has come a long way and is still experiencing vivid progress.

Multiscale Functional Metal Architectures by Antibody-Guided Metallization of Specific Protein Assemblies in Ex Vivo Multicellular Organisms.

Biological systems consist of hierarchical protein structures, each of which has unique 3D geometries optimized for specific functions. In the past decades, the growth of inorganic materials on specific proteins has attracted considerable attention. However, the use of specific proteins as templates has only been demonstrated in relatively simple organisms, such as viruses, limiting the range of structures that can be used as scaffolds.

A Study on Dislocation Mechanisms of Toughening in Cu-Graphene Nanolayered Composite.

We investigated the role of graphene interfaces in strengthening and toughening of the Cu-graphene nanocomposite by a combination of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) deformation and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. TEM directly showed that dislocation plasticity is strongly confined within single Cu grains by the graphene interfaces and grain boundaries. The weak Cu-graphene interfacial bonding induces stress decoupling, which results in independent plastic deformation of each Cu layer.

Uncovering the encapsulation effect of reduced graphene oxide sheets on the hydrogen storage properties of palladium nanocubes.

Decades of research on solute-induced phase transformation of metal hydride systems have shown the possibility to enhance hydrogen storage properties through novel material design such as nanoconfinement engineering. Nevertheless, the fundamentals of mechanical stress effect on confined Pd nanoparticles remain yet to be elucidated due to the difficulty in linking with hydrogen sorption thermodynamics. Here, a thermodynamic tuning of Pd nanocubes associated with hydrogen sorption as a result of encapsulation by reduced graphene oxide (rGO) layers is demonstrated.

Weekend catch-up sleep and depression: results from a nationally representative sample in Korea.

Background: There is limited information on the association between weekend catch-up sleep (CUS), which has beneficial effects on health, and depression. This study aimed to investigate the association between CUS and depression in adults.

Methods: We used the data of the Seventh Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2016.

Remote Control of Time-Regulated Stretching of Ligand-Presenting Nanocoils In Situ Regulates the Cyclic Adhesion and Differentiation of Stem Cells.

Native extracellular matrix (ECM) can exhibit cyclic nanoscale stretching and shrinking of ligands to regulate complex cell-material interactions. Designing materials that allow cyclic control of changes in intrinsic ligand-presenting nanostructures in situ can emulate ECM dynamicity to regulate cellular adhesion. Unprecedented remote control of rapid, cyclic, and mechanical stretching ("ON") and shrinking ("OFF") of cell-adhesive RGD ligand-presenting magnetic nanocoils on a material surface in five repeated cycles are reported, thereby independently increasing and decreasing ligand pitch in nanocoils, respectively, without modulating ligand-presenting surface area per nanocoil.

Prevalence and characteristics of cutaneous allodynia in probable migraine.

Cutaneous allodynia (CA) is a pain in response to non-nociceptive stimulation and a marker of central sensitisation. Probable migraine (PM) is a migraine subtype that fulfils all but one criterion of migraine. Headache intensity and the disability of individuals with PM are similar or lower than individuals with migraine.

Reversed Anionic Hofmeister Effect in Metal-Phenolic-Based Film Formation.

Although metal-phenolic species have emerged as one of the versatile material-independent-coating materials, providing attractive tools for interface engineering, mechanistic understanding of their film formation and growth still remains largely unexplored. Especially, the anions have been overlooked despite their high concentration in the coating solution. Considering that the anions are critical in the reactivity of metal-organic complex and the formation and/or property of functional materials, we investigated the anionic effects on the characteristics of film formation, such as film thickness and properties, in the Fe-tannic acid coating.

Friction Control by Deformation Mode in Nanopatterned Amorphous Carbon.

Traditionally, the manipulation of contact mechanisms has been adopted as the primary strategy to tailor the friction properties of surfaces. On the contrary, the detaching process involving the local deformation and failure at the interface has been considered relatively less important. Here, we present a new approach toward the friction control of amorphous carbon through the plasticity and resultant transition of deformation mode on nanopatterned surfaces.

Sex differences in the association between chronotype and risk of depression.

Information on sex differences in the association between chronotype and depression is scarce. We aimed to investigate these differences using data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey in 2016. Chronotypes were categorised based on mid-sleep time on free days corrected by sleep debt accumulated on workdays (MSFsc): early type, < mean MSFsc - 1 standard deviation (SD); intermediate type, between mean MSFsc - 1 SD and MSFsc + 1 SD; and late type, > mean MSFsc + 1 SD.

Nasal pain as an aura: Amygdala origin?

Purpose: Nasal pain, as an epileptic aura, has been poorly recognized. This study aims to demonstrate clinical features of patients with epilepsy who have nasal pain as an aura.

Methods: We retrospectively investigated consecutive patients who visited the epilepsy clinic of tertiary hospital from April 2000 to September 2019.

Impact of Remote Consultations on Antibiotic Prescribing in Primary Health Care: Systematic Review.

Background: There has been growing international interest in performing remote consultations in primary care, particularly amidst the current COVID-19 pandemic. Despite this, the evidence surrounding the safety of remote consultations is inconclusive. The appropriateness of antibiotic prescribing in remote consultations is an important aspect of patient safety that needs to be addressed.

Selective Atomic Layer Deposition of Metals on Graphene for Transparent Conducting Electrode Application.

Although graphene has considerable potential as a next-generation transparent conducting electrode (TCE) material owing to its excellent optical transparency and flexibility, its electrical properties require further improvement for industrial application. This study reports a pathway of doping graphene by selective atomic layer deposition (ALD) of metals to elevate the electrical conductivity of graphene. Introduction of a novel Pt precursor [dimethyl(,-dimethyl-3-butene-1-amine-)platinum(II); CHNPt; DDAP] facilitates a low-temperature (165 °C) process.

Effect of Li concentration-dependent material properties on diffusion induced stresses of a Sn anode.

Sn is one of the promising Li ion battery anode materials with high theoretical capacity and mechanical properties that allow for effective relaxation of Li diffusion-induced stresses. Sn is a low melting point metal with a low modulus and strength and has the ability to relax stresses via plasticity and creep deformations. In this study, concentration-dependent material properties are used in numerical simulations to model the Li diffusion-induced stress evolution in Sn micropillars.

All-Transparent Stretchable Electrochromic Supercapacitor Wearable Patch Device.

Flexible and stretchable electrochromic supercapacitor systems are widely considered as promising multifunctional energy storage devices that eliminate the need for an external power source. Nevertheless, the performance of conventional designs deteriorates significantly as a result of electrode/electrolyte exposure to atmosphere as well as mechanical deformations for the case of flexible systems. In this study, we suggest an all-transparent stretchable electrochromic supercapacitor device with ultrastable performance, which consists of Au/Ag core-shell nanowire-embedded polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), bistacked WO nanotube/PEDOT:PSS, and polyacrylamide (PAAm)-based hydrogel electrolyte.