Assessment of deep learning-based auto-contouring on interobserver consistency in target volume and organs-at-risk delineation for breast cancer: Implications for RTQA program in a multi-institutional study.

Purpose: To quantify interobserver variation (IOV) in target volume and organs-at-risk (OAR) contouring across 31 institutions in breast cancer cases and to explore the clinical utility of deep learning (DL)-based auto-contouring in reducing potential IOV.

Methods And Materials: In phase 1, two breast cancer cases were randomly selected and distributed to multiple institutions for contouring six clinical target volumes (CTVs) and eight OAR. In Phase 2, auto-contour sets were generated using a previously published DL Breast segmentation model and were made available for all participants.

Evaluating the Necessity of Adaptive RT and the Role of Deformable Image Registration in Lung Cancer with Different Pathologic Classifications.

Background: This study aimed to analyze differential radiotherapy (RT) responses according to the pathological type of lung cancer to see the possibility of applying adaptive radiotherapy (ART).

Methods: ART planning with resampled-computed tomography was conducted for a total of 30 patients (20 non-small-cell lung cancer patients and 10 small-cell lung cancer patients) using a deformable image registration technique to reveal gross tumor volume (GTV) changes according to the duration of RT.

Results: The small-cell lung cancer group demonstrated an average GTV reduction of 20.

Incidental Axillary Dose of Tomotherapy in Hypofractionated Whole Breast Radiotherapy for Early Breast Cancer: A Dosimetrical Analysis.

: Intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) is becoming a more common method of performing whole breast irradiation (WBI) for early breast cancer. This study aimed to examine the incidental dose to the axillary region using tomotherapy, a unique form of IMRT. : This study included 30 patients with early-stage breast cancer who underwent adjuvant WBI using TomoDirect IMRT.

Stereotactic ablative radiotherapy for pulmonary oligometastases from primary hepatocellular carcinoma: a multicenter and retrospective analysis (KROG 17-08).

Objective: Hypofractionated radiotherapy has recently been applied to treat pulmonary metastases of hepatocellular carcinoma. However, there is no definite evidence on its safety and efficacy. We evaluate the clinical outcomes of hypofractionated radiotherapy for oligo pulmonary metastases of hepatocellular carcinoma in the multicenter and retrospective study.

Endorectal balloon (ERB) in helical tomotherapy (HT) for localized prostate cancer: a case report of dosimetric analysis.

Radiation therapy (RT) for localized prostate cancer yields oncological outcomes similar to those following radical prostatectomy, but is associated with more anorectal toxicity. An endorectal balloon (ERB) has been utilized to decrease the incidental dose to the rectal wall. However, few studies analyzed whether the ERB can further spare the rectum in helical tomotherapy (HT), which by itself can be used to treat prostate cancer while minimizing irradiation of surrounding critical tissues.

Choroid plexus carcinoma with leptomeningeal spread in an adult: a case report and review of the literature.

Background: Choroid plexus carcinoma is an intraventricular neoplasm originating from the choroid plexus epithelium and is of rare occurrence in adults. However, owing to the low prevalence of choroid plexus carcinoma, there is very limited information about the disease entity and treatment. Here we report a rare case of choroid plexus carcinoma in an adult patient.

Computed Tomography Findings Associated with Treatment Failure after Antibiotic Therapy for Acute Appendicitis.

Objective: To identify the CT findings associated with treatment failure after antibiotic therapy for acute appendicitis.

Materials And Methods: Altogether, 198 patients who received antibiotic therapy for appendicitis were identified by searching the hospital's surgery database. Selection criteria for antibiotic therapy were uncomplicated appendicitis with an appendiceal diameter equal to or less than 11 mm.

Dosimetric comparison of incidental axillary irradiation between three-dimensional conformal and volumetric modulated arc techniques for breast cancer.

Radiotherapy techniques for breast cancer have evolved with efforts to reduce treatment-related side effects. In the present study, we conducted dosimetric analysis of incidental axillary irradiation between volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) and three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3D-CRT). A total of 20 patients with early stage left breast cancer who underwent breast-conserving surgery followed by postoperative radiotherapy were analyzed.

Relationship Between Changes in Myocardial F-18 Fluorodeoxyglucose Uptake and Radiation Dose After Adjuvant Three-Dimensional Conformal Radiotherapy in Patients with Breast Cancer.

This study aimed to assess the relationship between radiation dose and changes in the irradiated myocardial F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) uptake after radiotherapy (RT) in breast cancer patients. The data of 55 patients with left and 48 patients with right breast cancer who underwent curative surgical resection and adjuvant three-dimensional conformal RT and staging (PET1), post-adjuvant chemotherapy (PET2), post-RT (PET3), and surveillance (PET4) FDG positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) were retrospectively reviewed. The median interval between PET1 and curative surgical resection, between the end of adjuvant chemotherapy and PET2, between the end of RT and PET3, and between the end of RT and PET4 were five days, 13 days, 132 days, and 353 days, respectively.

Stereotactic body radiation therapy for pulmonary large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma: a case report.

The incidence of large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC) of the lung is rare, and the treatment methods and prognosis for such patients are still subjects of debate. We report a case of a 78-year-old male LCNEC patient for whom stereotactic body radiation therapy was performed. A four-dimensional computed tomography scan was used for simulation, and radiotherapy was planned using the volumetrically modulated arc technique.

Momordica charantia Inhibits Inflammatory Responses in Murine Macrophages via Suppression of TAK1.

Momordica charantia known as bitter melon is a representative medicinal plant reported to exhibit numerous pharmacological activities such as antibacterial, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, antitumor, and hypoglycemic actions. Although this plant has high ethnopharmacological value for treating inflammatory diseases, the molecular mechanisms by which it inhibits the inflammatory response are not fully understood. In this study, we aim to identify the anti-inflammatory mechanism of this plant.

Identification of CEA-interacting proteins in colon cancer cells and their changes in expression after irradiation.

Purpose: The serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) level has been recognized as a prognostic factor in colorectal cancer, and associated with response of rectal cancer to radiotherapy. This study aimed to identify CEA-interacting proteins in colon cancer cells and observe post-irradiation changes in their expression.

Materials And Methods: CEA expression in colon cancer cells was examined by Western blot analysis.

Perihippocampal metastasis following hippocampus-avoiding prophylactic cranial irradiation for small cell lung cancer: a case report.

Prophylactic cranial irradiation (PCI) lowers the risk of brain metastasis (BM) and increases survival in small cell lung cancer (SCLC) patients, but it also entails a risk of neurocognitive dysfunction (NCD). One strategy to mitigate this neurotoxicity is hippocampus-avoiding (HA) whole-brain radiation therapy, as the hippocampus is mainly responsible for radiation-related NCD and hippocampal or perihippocampal metastases are rare. A few prospective clinical trials have demonstrated a reduction in NCD following HA whole-brain radiation therapy.

Primary lung sarcoma treated with stereotactic ablative radiotherapy: a case report.

Primary lung sarcoma (PLS) is an extremely rare, very aggressive malignancy. Surgical removal is considered the treatment of choice, and patients who have been given conventional radiotherapy have had inferior outcomes. This study is the first describing a case of PLS treated with stereotactic ablative radiotherapy (SABR), which precisely targets a small tumor with a markedly higher biologically effective dose than conventional radiotherapy.

Isoprenyl carboxyl methyltransferase inhibitors: a brief review including recent patents.

Among the enzymes involved in the post-translational modification of Ras, isoprenyl carboxyl methyltransferase (ICMT) has been explored by a number of researchers as a significant enzyme controlling the activation of Ras. Indeed, inhibition of ICMT exhibited promising anti-cancer activity against various cancer cell lines. This paper reviews patents and research articles published between 2009 and 2016 that reported inhibitors of ICMT as potential chemotherapeutic agents targeting Ras-induced growth factor signaling.

Clinical utility of pretreatment prediction of chemoradiotherapy response in rectal cancer: a review.

Approximately 20% of all patients with locally advanced rectal cancer experience pathologically complete responses following neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (CRT) and standard surgery. The utility of radical surgery for patients exhibiting good CRT responses has been challenged. Organ-sparing strategies for selected patients exhibiting complete clinical responses include local excision or no immediate surgery.

C1QBP is upregulated in colon cancer and binds to apolipoprotein A-I.

The present study aimed to investigate the expression of complement component 1, q subcomponent-binding protein (C1QBP) in colon cancer cells, and identify proteins that interact with C1QBP. Total proteins were extracted from both the tumor and normal tissues of 22 patients with colon cancer and analyzed using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) to identify proteins that were differentially-expressed in tumor tissues. C1QBP overexpression was induced in 293T cells using a pFLAG-CMV2 expression vector.

Identification of calgranulin B interacting proteins and network analysis in gastrointestinal cancer cells.

Calgranulin B is known to be involved in tumor development, but the underlying molecular mechanism is not clear. To gain insight into possible roles of calgranulin B, we screened for calgranulin B-interacting molecules in the SNU-484 gastric cancer and the SNU-81 colon cancer cells. Calgranulin B-interacting partners were identified by yeast two-hybrid and functional information was obtained by computational analysis.

Proteins that interact with calgranulin B in the human colon cancer cell line HCT-116.

Calgranulin B is released from immune cells and can be internalized into colon cancer cells to prevent proliferation. The present study aimed to identify proteins that interact with calgranulin B to suppress the proliferation of colon cancer cells, and to obtain information on the underlying anti-tumor mechanism(s) of calgranulin B. Calgranulin B expression was induced in colon cancer cell line HCT-116 by infection with calgranulin B-FLAG expressing lentivirus, and it led to a significant suppression of cell proliferation.

Low-mass-ion discriminant equation (LOME) for ovarian cancer screening.

Background: A low-mass-ion discriminant equation (LOME) was constructed to investigate whether systematic low-mass-ion (LMI) profiling could be applied to ovarian cancer (OVC) screening.

Results: Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry was performed to obtain mass spectral data on metabolites detected as LMIs up to a mass-to-charge ratio () of 2500 for 1184 serum samples collected from healthy individuals and patients with OVC, other types of cancer, or several types of benign tumor. Principal component analysis-based discriminant analysis and two search algorithms were employed to identify discriminative low-mass ions for distinguishing OVC from non-OVC cases.

Definitive high-dose radiotherapy with concurrent chemotherapy for locally advanced rectal cancer: A case report and literature review.

Background: Standard management for locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) involves preoperative chemoradiotherapy (CRT) and radical surgery. However, this level of treatment may be unnecessary for a subgroup of LARC patients. Previous reports have shown that approximately 20% of LARC patients experience a complete tumor response to preoperative CRT.

Stereotactic body radiation therapy for the treatment of a post-chemotherapy remnant lung mass in extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer: A case report.

Stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) can significantly improve the treatment outcomes of patients with inoperable stage I non-small-cell lung cancer. Similarly, a few case studies have reported the effectiveness of SBRT for stage I small-cell lung cancer (SCLC). However, no study has investigated the use of SBRT for extensive-stage SCLC (ES-SCLC).

Seven low-mass ions in pretreatment serum as potential predictive markers of the chemoradiotherapy response of rectal cancer.

Preoperative chemoradiotherapy (CRT) is generally performed for locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC, cStage 2 or 3) to improve local disease control and patient survival. The pathological tumor response to CRT is a surrogate marker that is associated with oncological outcome. Thus, markers that predict the response to CRT would be valuable for individualizing treatment for LARC patients.