Spatially Resolved Whole-Transcriptomic and Proteomic Profiling of Lung Cancer and Its Immune Microenvironment According to PD-L1 Expression.

The expression of PD-L1 on tumor cells (TC) is used as an immunotherapy biomarker in lung cancer, but heterogeneous intratumoral expression is often observed. To better understand heterogeneity in the lung cancer tumor microenvironment, we performed proteomic and whole-transcriptomic digital spatial profiling analyses of TCs and immune cells (IC) in spatially matched areas based on tumor PD-L1 expression and the status of the immune microenvironment. We validated our findings using IHC, data from The Cancer Genome Atlas, and immunotherapy cohorts.

Epithelial-mesenchymal transition induced by tumor cell-intrinsic PD-L1 signaling predicts a poor response to immune checkpoint inhibitors in PD-L1-high lung cancer.

Background: We investigated the role of tumor cell-intrinsic PD-L1 signaling in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and the role of EMT as a predictive biomarker for immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy.

Methods: PD-L1-overexpressing or PD-L1-knockdown NSCLC cells underwent RNA-seq and EMT phenotype assessment. Mouse lung cancer LLC cells were injected into nude mice.

CRIF1 deficiency induces FOXP3 inflammatory non-suppressive regulatory T cells, thereby promoting antitumor immunity.

Recently identified human FOXP3CD45RA inflammatory non-suppressive (INS) cells produce proinflammatory cytokines, exhibit reduced suppressiveness, and promote antitumor immunity unlike conventional regulatory T cells (T). In spite of their implication in tumors, the mechanism for generation of FOXP3CD45RA INS cells in vivo is unclear. We showed that the FOXP3CD45RA cells in human tumors demonstrate attenuated expression of CRIF1, a vital mitochondrial regulator.

Augmented interpretation of HER2, ER, and PR in breast cancer by artificial intelligence analyzer: enhancing interobserver agreement through a reader study of 201 cases.

Background: Accurate classification of breast cancer molecular subtypes is crucial in determining treatment strategies and predicting clinical outcomes. This classification largely depends on the assessment of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), estrogen receptor (ER), and progesterone receptor (PR) status. However, variability in interpretation among pathologists pose challenges to the accuracy of this classification.

Comprehensive Transcriptomic Analysis for Thymic Epithelial Cells of Aged Mice and Humans.

Thymic epithelial cells (TECs) play a critical role in thymic development and thymopoiesis. As individuals age, TECs undergo various changes that impact their functions, leading to a reduction in cell numbers and impaired thymic selection. These age-related alterations have been observed in both mice and humans.

Next-generation sequencing study on poorly differentiated carcinoma derived from a thirty-year-old epidermoid cyst: A case report.

Although epidermoid cysts are frequently seen as benign lesions, they are highly uncommon to develop into cancerous lesions. A 36-year-old man with a cystic mass present on his left flank since childhood presented to our department. Based on the patient's medical history and abdominal computed tomography scan, we excised the lesion under the suspicion of an epidermoid cyst.

Immune-related pan-cancer gene expression signatures of patient survival revealed by NanoString-based analyses.

The immune system plays a central role in the onset and progression of cancer. A better understanding of transcriptional changes in immune cell-related genes associated with cancer progression, and their significance in disease prognosis, is therefore needed. NanoString-based targeted gene expression profiling has advantages for deployment in a clinical setting over RNA-seq technologies.

High tumor hexokinase-2 expression promotes a pro-tumorigenic immune microenvironment by modulating CD8+/regulatory T-cell infiltration.

Background: Relationship between cancer cell glycolysis and the landscape of tumor immune microenvironment in human cancers was investigated.

Methods: Forty-one fresh lung adenocarcinoma (ADC) tissues were analyzed using flow cytometry for comprehensive immunoprofiling. Formalin-fixed tissues were immunostained for hexokinase-2 (HK2) to assess cancer cell glycolysis.

TCF1PD-1 tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes predict a favorable response and prolonged survival after immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy for non-small-cell lung cancer.

Background: T-cell factor 1 (TCF1)Programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) are a recently defined subset of exhausted T-cells (Texh-cells) that exhibit a progenitor phenotype. They have been associated with a response to immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy in murine tumour models and in patients with malignant melanoma. We investigated the significance of TCF1PD-1 TILs as a predictive biomarker for ICI therapy response in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Clinicopathologic and Genetic Features of Primary T-cell Lymphomas of the Central Nervous System: An Analysis of 11 Cases Using Targeted Gene Sequencing.

Primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) of peripheral T-cell lineage (T-PCNSL) is rare, and its genetic and clinicopathologic features remain unclear. Here, we present 11 cases of T-PCNSL in immunocompetent individuals from a single institute, focusing on their genetic alterations. Seven cases were subject to targeted panel sequencing covering 120 lymphoma-related genes.

Comparative analysis of the tumor immune-microenvironment of primary and brain metastases of non-small-cell lung cancer reveals organ-specific and EGFR mutation-dependent unique immune landscape.

Background: To evaluate the characteristics of the tumor immune-microenvironment in brain metastases of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), we investigated the immunophenotype of primary NSCLC and its brain metastasis.

Methods: Expression profiling of 770 immune-related genes in 28 tissues from primary and brain metastases of NSCLC was performed using the NanoString nCounter PanCancer Immune Profiling Panel. The immune cell profiles were validated by immunohistochemistry of 42 matched samples.

[Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis in a Immunocompetent Patient after Congenital Heart Disease Surgery: A Case Report].

Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) has been known to occur in immunocompromised patients, but has been rarely reported in immunocompetent patients. In immunocompetent patients, pulmonary fungal infections are not initially considered. This results in diagnosis and treatment delays, as well as poor prognosis.

Effects of B7-H3 expression on tumour-infiltrating immune cells and clinicopathological characteristics in non-small-cell lung cancer.

Purpose: B7-H3 has emerged as a promising target for cancer immunotherapy. We assessed the role of B7-H3 expression in tumour-infiltrating immune cells in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Methods: Tumour-infiltrating immune cell characterisation was performed by flow cytometry in a prospective cohort, whereas the relationship between B7-H3 expression and clinicopathological features was explored in a retrospective cohort.

Right-Angled Traction Bronchiectasis in Differentiating Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis Without Honeycombing From Idiopathic Nonspecific Interstitial Pneumonia.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to conduct a radiopathologic evaluation of right-angled traction bronchiectasis to differentiate idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) without honeycombing from idiopathic nonspecific interstitial pneumonia (NSIP).

Materials And Methods: The derivation cohort included 78 consecutive patients with idiopathic NSIP (n = 39) or IPF (n = 39) without honeycombing who underwent preoperative thin-section computed tomography scans at a single tertiary hospital. The validation cohort comprised 22 patients (14 IPF and 8 NSIP) from another institution.

Utility of PD-L1 immunocytochemistry using body-fluid cell blocks in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer.

Background: The expression of programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1) is a biomarker in patients with non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). Patients with advanced-stage NSCLC receive a variety of molecular genetic tests, possibly resulting in insufficient tissue for immunoassay of PD-L1. Thus, to determine whether effusion fluid specimens are a reliable alternative to tissue specimens for PD-L1 testing, we compared the results of PD-L1 immunostaining using body-fluid cell blocks and tumor tissues.

High tumoral PD-L1 expression and low PD-1 or CD8 tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes are predictive of a poor prognosis in primary diffuse large B-cell lymphoma of the central nervous system.

We investigated the clinicopathological role of the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway in primary diffuse large B-cell lymphoma of the central nervous system (PCNS-DLBCL) arising in the immune-privileged site. PD-L1 immunostaining of ≥30% of tumor cells was defined as tPD-L1+, and PD-L1 immunostaining of ≥30% of total cellularity, including tumor and non-tumoral cells, as tmPD-L1+ . PD-1 and CD8 tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) were enumerated.

Primary Peripheral Gamma Delta T-Cell Lymphoma of the Central Nervous System: Report of a Case Involving the Intramedullary Spinal Cord and Presenting with Myelopathy.

Primary central nervous system lymphoma of T-cell origin (T-PCNSL) is rare, and its clinicopathological features remain unclear. Peripheral T-cell lymphoma of γδ T-cell origin is an aggressive lymphoma mainly involving extranodal sites. Here, we report a case of γδ T-PCNSL involving the intramedullary spinal cord and presenting with paraplegia.