The effect of topic familiarity and volatility of auditory scene on selective auditory attention.

Selective auditory attention has been shown to modulate the cortical representation of speech. This effect has been well documented in acoustically more challenging environments. However, the influence of top-down factors, in particular topic familiarity, on this process remains unclear, despite evidence that semantic information can promote speech-in-noise perception.

Implementation of an Online Auditory Attention Detection Model with Electroencephalography in a Dichotomous Listening Experiment.

Auditory attention detection (AAD) is the tracking of a sound source to which a listener is attending based on neural signals. Despite expectation for the applicability of AAD in real-life, most AAD research has been conducted on recorded electroencephalograms (EEGs), which is far from online implementation. In the present study, we attempted to propose an online AAD model and to implement it on a streaming EEG.

Antidepressant-Like Activities of Hispidol and Decursin in Mice and Analysis of Neurotransmitter Monoamines.

The antidepressant activities of hispidol and decursin (both potent monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A) inhibitors) were evaluated using the forced swimming test (FST) and the tail suspension test (TST) in mice, and thereafter, levels of neurotransmitter monoamines and metabolites in brain tissues were analyzed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Hispidol (15 mg/kg) caused less or comparable immobility than fluoxetine (15 mg/kg; the positive control) in immobility time, as determined by FST (9.6 vs 32.

Calycosin and 8-O-methylretusin isolated from Maackia amurensis as potent and selective reversible inhibitors of human monoamine oxidase-B.

Nineteen compounds were isolated from the stems of Maackia amurensis by activity-guided screening for new human monoamine oxidase-B (hMAO-B) inhibitors. Among the compounds isolated, flavonoids calycosin (5) and 8-O-methylretusin (6) were found to potently and selectively inhibit hMAO-B (IC = 0.24 and 0.

Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of oxygenated chalcones as potent and selective MAO-B inhibitors.

The present study documents the synthesis of oxygenated chalcone (O1-O26) derivatives and their abilities to inhibit monoamine oxidases. All 26 derivatives examined showed potent inhibitory activity against MAO-B. Compound O23 showed the greatest inhibitory activity against MAO-B with an IC value of 0.

Potent and selective inhibition of human monoamine oxidase-B by 4-dimethylaminochalcone and selected chalcone derivatives.

Six synthetic (1-6) and six natural (7-12) chalcones were tested for human monoamine oxidases (hMAOs) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory activities. Compounds 4-dimethylaminochalcone (2), 4'-chloro-4-dimethylaminochalcone (5), and 2,4'-dichloro-4-dimethylaminochalcone (1) potently inhibited hMAO-B with IC values of 0.029, 0.

Potent inhibition of acetylcholinesterase by sargachromanol I from Sargassum siliquastrum and by selected natural compounds.

Six hundred forty natural compounds were tested for acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) inhibitory activities. Of those, sargachromanol I (SCI) and G (SCG) isolated from the brown alga Sargassum siliquastrum, dihydroberberine (DB) isolated from Coptis chinensis, and macelignan (ML) isolated from Myristica fragrans, potently and effectively inhibited AChE with IC values of 0.79, 1.

Osthenol, a prenylated coumarin, as a monoamine oxidase A inhibitor with high selectivity.

Osthenol (6), a prenylated coumarin isolated from the dried roots of Angelica pubescens, potently and selectively inhibited recombinant human monoamine oxidase-A (hMAO-A) with an IC value of 0.74 µM and showed a high selectivity index (SI > 81.1) for hMAO-A versus hMAO-B.

Selected aryl thiosemicarbazones as a new class of multi-targeted monoamine oxidase inhibitors.

A series of 13 phenyl substituted thiosemicarbazones () were synthesized and evaluated for their inhibitory potential towards human recombinant monoamine oxidase A and B (MAO-A and MAO-B, respectively) and acetylcholinesterase. The solid state structure of was ascertained by the single X-ray diffraction technique. Compounds and were potent for MAO-A (IC 1.

Rhamnocitrin isolated from Prunus padus var. seoulensis: A potent and selective reversible inhibitor of human monoamine oxidase A.

Three flavanones and two flavones were isolated from the leaves of Prunus padus var. seoulensis by the activity-guided screening for new monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors. Among the compounds isolated, rhamnocitrin (5) was found to potently and selectively inhibit human MAO-A (hMAO-A, IC = 0.

Imidazole bearing chalcones as a new class of monoamine oxidase inhibitors.

In the present study, series of eleven (2E)-1-[4-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)substituted phenyl]-3-phenylprop-2-en-1-one (IM1-IM11) derivatives were synthesized and evaluated as inhibitors of recombinant human monoamine oxidase (MAO) A and B. The results indicate that (2E)-3-[4-(dimethylamino) phenyl]-1-[4-(1H-imidazol-1-yl) phenyl] prop-2-en-1-one (IM5) is a nonselective and reversible competitive inhibitor of MAO-A and MAO-B with IC values of 0.30 ± 0.

Selective inhibition of monoamine oxidase A by chelerythrine, an isoquinoline alkaloid.

Chelerythrine, an isoquinoline alkaloid isolated from the herbaceous perennial Chelidonium majus, was found to potently and selectively inhibit an isoform of recombinant human monoamine oxidase-A (MAO-A) with an IC value of 0.55 µM. Chelerythrine was a reversible competitive MAO-A inhibitor (K = 0.

Characterization of Three Extracellular β-Glucosidases Produced by a Fungal Isolate sp. YDJ14 and Their Hydrolyzing Activity for a Flavone Glycoside.

A cellulolytic fungus, YDJ14, was isolated from compost and identified as an sp. strain. Three extracellular β-glucosidases, BGL-A1, BGL-A2, and BGL-A3, were separated using ultrafiltration, ammonium sulfate fractionation, and High-Q chromatography.

Selective inhibition of monoamine oxidase A by hispidol.

Hispidol, an aurone, isolated from Glycine max Merrill, was found to potently and selectively inhibit an isoform of recombinant human monoamine oxidase-A (MAO-A), with an IC value of 0.26 µM, and to inhibit MAO-B, but with lower potency (IC = 2.45 µM).

Characterization of two extracellular β-glucosidases produced from the cellulolytic fungus Aspergillus sp. YDJ216 and their potential applications for the hydrolysis of flavone glycosides.

A cellulolytic fungus YDJ216 was isolated from a compost and identified as an Aspergillus sp. strain. Two extracellular β-glucosidases, BGL1 and BGL2, were purified using ultrafiltration, ammonium sulfate fractionation, and High-Q chromatography.

Discovery of potent and reversible MAO-B inhibitors as furanochalcones.

A series of twelve furanochalcones (F1-F12) was synthesized and investigated for their human monoamine oxidase inhibitory activities. Among the series, compound (2E, 4E)-1-(furan-2-yl)-5-phenylpenta-2, 4-dien-1-one (F1), which was analyzed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, showed potent and selective MAO-B inhibitory activity with an inhibition constant (K) value of 0.0041 μM and selectivity index of (SI) 172.

Cloning and characterization of a novel intracellular serine protease (IspK) from Bacillus megaterium with a potential additive for detergents.

A new intracellular serine protease gene of Bacillus megaterium, ispK, encoding a protein composed of 332 amino acid residues with a predicted pI of 4.7 was cloned into Escherichia coli. The deduced amino acid sequence of IspK showed 49-56% similarity with the other microbial intracellular serine proteases described in the literature.

Potent inhibitions of monoamine oxidase A and B by acacetin and its 7-O-(6-O-malonylglucoside) derivative from Agastache rugosa.

Five compounds were isolated from the leaves of Agastache rugosa and tested for monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitory activity. Acacetin, a flavonoid, potently inhibited recombinant human MAO-A and MAO-B (IC=0.19 and 0.

Improvement of enzyme activity of β-1,3-1,4-glucanase from Paenibacillus sp. X4 by error-prone PCR and structural insights of mutated residues.

β-1,3-1,4-Glucanase (BGlc8H) from Paenibacillus sp. X4 was mutated by error-prone PCR or truncated using termination primers to improve its enzyme properties. The crystal structure of BGlc8H was determined at a resolution of 1.

Making adjustments to event annotations for improved biological event extraction.

Background: Current state-of-the-art approaches to biological event extraction train statistical models in a supervised manner on corpora annotated with event triggers and event-argument relations. Inspecting such corpora, we observe that there is ambiguity in the span of event triggers (e.g.

Mutations of the p53 and PTCH gene in basal cell carcinomas: UV mutation signature and strand bias.

Mutations of p53 and PTCH gene, two candidate tumor suppressor genes for basal cell carcinoma (BCC), were screened in 15 cases of sporadic BCCs that developed in sun-exposed skin region in a Korean population. p53 and PTCH mutations were detected at a frequency of 33 and 40%, respectively, and the mutations were predominantly UV-signature transition, C-->T transitions at dipyrimidine sites and CC-->TT tandem mutations. In both genes, the most common mutations were missense mutations resulting in amino acid substitution, which is different than the results from Caucasian BCCs where mutations are frequently predicted to make truncated or absent proteins.