Suppression of cuticular wax biosynthesis mediated by rice LOV KELCH REPEAT PROTEIN 2 supports a negative role in drought stress tolerance.

Drought tolerance is important for grain crops, including rice (Oryza sativa); for example, rice cultivated under intermittent irrigation produces less methane gas compared to rice grown in anaerobic paddy field conditions, but these plants require greater drought tolerance. Moreover, the roles of rice circadian-clock genes in drought tolerance remain largely unknown. Here, we show that the mutation of LOV KELCH REPEAT PROTEIN 2 (OsLKP2) enhanced drought tolerance by increasing cuticular wax biosynthesis.

Silencing of the Target of Rapamycin Complex Genes Stimulates Tomato Fruit Ripening.

The target of rapamycin complex (TORC) plays a key role in plant cell growth and survival by regulating the gene expression and metabolism according to environmental information. TORC activates transcription, mRNA translation, and anabolic processes under favorable conditions, thereby promoting plant growth and development. Tomato fruit ripening is a complex developmental process promoted by ethylene and specific transcription factors.

Differential Regulation of an OsIspH1, the Functional 4-Hydroxy-3-Methylbut-2-Enyl Diphosphate Reductase, for Photosynthetic Pigment Biosynthesis in Rice Leaves and Seeds.

The methylerythritol 4-phosphate (MEP) pathway is responsible for providing common precursors for the biosynthesis of diverse plastidial terpenoids, including chlorophylls, carotenoids, and phytohormones, in plants. In rice (), the last-step genes encoding 4-hydroxy-3-methylbut-2-enyl diphosphate reductase [HDR/isoprenoid synthesis H (IspH)] have been annotated in two genes ( and ) in the rice genome. The spatial transcript levels indicated that is highly expressed in all tissues at different developmental stages, whereas is barely expressed due to an early stop in exon 1 caused by splicing error.

Overexpression of OsMYBR22/OsRVE1 transcription factor simultaneously enhances chloroplast-dependent metabolites in rice grains.

The OsMYBR22 (same to OsRVE1), an R1type-MYB transcription factor belonging to the rice CCA1-like family, was upregulated under blue light condition, which enhanced the chlorophyll and carotenoid accumulation. The overexpression of OsMYBR22 in rice (Oryza sativa, L) led to everlasting green seeds and leaves of a darker green. Transgene expression patterns showed more concordance with chlorophyll than carotenoid profiles.

In Vitro and In Vivo Medicinal Value of Culinary-Medicinal Lung Oyster Mushroom Pleurotus pulmonarius var. stechangii (Agaricomycetes).

Pleurotus pulmonarius var. stechangii is a culinary-medicinal mushroom commonly cultivated in subtropical countries in Asia. In this study, the in vitro antixanthine oxidase, antihyperglycemic, and in vivo anti-inflammatory activities of a methanol extract (ME) of P.

Elevated Ozone Levels Affect Metabolites and Related Biosynthetic Genes in Tartary Buckwheat.

Global climate change and the industrial revolution have increased the concentration of tropospheric ozone, a photochemical air pollutant that can negatively affect plant growth and crop production. In the present study, we investigated the effects of O on the metabolites and transcripts of tartary buckwheat. A total of 36 metabolites were identified by gas chromatography coupled with time-of-flight mass spectrometry, and principal component analysis was performed to verify the metabolic differences between nontreated and O-treated tartary buckwheat.

Integrated Analysis of Transcriptome and Metabolome in Fisch ex DC.

Fisch ex DC belongs to the Compositae family and has been used as a folk remedy source in Asian countries because of its health-promoting properties. It is known that contains flavonoids, furans, long-chain alcohols, sterols, and volatile oils. Nevertheless, the molecular mechanism of secondary metabolite biosynthesis remains poorly understood.

Bullying Victimization Profiles of School-Aged Adolescents and Associations With Weight Statuses: A Latent Class Analysis.

Bullying and childhood obesity are public health concerns in the United States. While obesity has been found to be associated with bullying victimization, it is less clear how it is differentially associated with biological sex and grade level across varying patterns of bullying victimization. Based on the subset of U.

Antioxidant, Anti-Melanogenic and Anti-Wrinkle Effects of .

In this study, the antioxidant, anti-xanthine oxidase, anti-melanogenic and anti-wrinkle effects of methanol (ME) and hot water (HE) extracts from the fruiting bodies of were investigated. The 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl free radical scavenging activity of 2.0 mg/mL HE (95.

Dynamics of Short-Term Metabolic Profiling in Radish Sprouts ( L.) in Response to Nitrogen Deficiency.

Nitrogen (N) is a macronutrient important for the survival of plants. To investigate the effects of N deficiency, a time-course metabolic profiling of radish sprouts was performed. A total of 81 metabolites-including organic acids, inorganic acid, amino acids, sugars, sugar alcohols, amines, amide, sugar phosphates, policosanols, tocopherols, phytosterols, carotenoids, chlorophylls, and glucosinolates-were characterized.

Transcriptome Analysis and Metabolic Profiling of .

belongs to the Amaryllidaceae family and is a bulbous plant native to South Korea, China, and Japan. Galantamine, a representative alkaloid of Amaryllidaceae plants, including . , exhibits selective and dominant acetylcholinesterase inhibition.

Metabolic Profiling of Nine Species and Prediction of Their Antioxidant Properties Using Chemometrics.

species are well recognized for their medicinal and aromatic properties. The comprehensive metabolite profiles of nine species have been determined. The extracts of these species were also screened for antioxidant and free radical scavenging activities.

Comparative analysis of glucosinolates and metabolite profiling of green and red mustard () hairy roots.

Here, accumulation of glucosinolates and expression of glucosinolates biosynthesis genes in green and red mustard hairy roots were identified and quantified by HPLC and RT-PCR analyses. The total glucosinolates content of green mustard hairy root (10.09 µg/g dry weight) was 3.

RNAi-mediated suppression of three carotenoid-cleavage dioxygenase genes, OsCCD1, 4a, and 4b, increases carotenoid content in rice.

Carotenoids of staple food crops have a high nutritional value as provitamin A components in the daily diet. To increase the levels of carotenoids, inhibition of carotenoid-cleavage dioxygenases (CCDs), which degrade carotenoids, has been considered as a promising target in crop biotechnology. In this study, suppression of the OsCCD1, OsCCD4a, and OsCCD4b genes using RNAi was verified in transgenic rice plants by quantitative RT-PCR and small RNA detection.

Hyperlipidemic Inhibitory Effects of in Rats Fed with a High Fat and Cholesterol Diet.

This study evaluated the and hypolipidemic effects of the medicinal mushroom . The methanol extract (ME) of the fruiting body of . was active against pancreatic lipase and cholesterol esterase with 99.

Transcriptome Analysis in Chinese Cabbage (Brassica rapa ssp. pekinensis) Provides the Role of Glucosinolate Metabolism in Response to Drought Stress.

Although drought stress is one of the most limiting factors in growth and production of Chinese cabbage ( L. ssp. pekinensis), the underlying biochemical and molecular causes are poorly understood.

Metabolic Profiling in Chinese Cabbage (Brassica rapa L. subsp. pekinensis) Cultivars Reveals that Glucosinolate Content Is Correlated with Carotenoid Content.

A total of 38 bioactive compounds, including glucosinolates, carotenoids, tocopherols, sterols, and policosanols, were characterized from nine varieties of Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa L. subsp. pekinensis) to determine their phytochemical diversity and analyze their abundance relationships.

Overexpression of the downward leaf curling (DLC) gene from melon changes leaf morphology by controlling cell size and shape in Arabidopsis leaves.

A plant-specific gene was cloned from melon fruit. This gene was named downward leaf curling (CmDLC) based on the phenotype of transgenic Arabidopsis plants overexpressing the gene. This expression level of this gene was especially upregulated during melon fruit enlargement.