Reduction of postoperative pain and opioid consumption by VVZ-149, first-in-class analgesic molecule: A confirmatory phase 3 trial of laparoscopic colectomy.

Study Objective: VVZ-149 is a small molecule that inhibits the glycine transporter type 2 and the serotonin receptor 5-hydroxytryptamine 2 A. In this Phase 3 study, we investigated the efficacy and safety of VVZ-149 as a single-use injectable analgesic for treating moderate to severe postoperative pain after laparoscopic colectomy.

Design: Randomized, parallel group, double-blind, Phase 3 clinical trial (Trial no.

Remimazolam Reduces Vasopressor Use Post-Induction and During Maintenance of General Anesthesia in Patients Undergoing Laparoscopic Gynecology: A Propensity Score-Matched Analysis.

: Laparoscopic gynecological surgeries are commonly performed under general anesthesia and can induce cardiovascular depression and hypotension, requiring vasopressor support. Remimazolam, a novel ultra-short-acting benzodiazepine, is used to treat minimal cardiovascular depression. This study compared the hemodynamic effects of remimazolam and sevoflurane anesthesia in patients undergoing laparoscopic gynecological surgery.

Prenatal exposure to air pollutants and the risk of congenital heart disease: a Korean national health insurance database-based study.

Air pollution and heavy metal exposure are emerging public health concerns. Prenatal exposure to air pollutants and heavy metals has been implicated in the development of congenital heart disease (CHD). However, the relationship between exposure to airborne heavy metals and CHD has not yet been investigated.

Effects of intravenous inflammasome inhibitor (NuSepin) on suppression of proinflammatory cytokines release induced by cardiopulmonary bypass in swine model: a pilot study.

The systemic inflammatory response syndrome can occur due to an inflammatory reaction to the release of cytokines, and it has been linked to the circulation of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. The cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) system is known to activate numerous inflammatory pathways. Applying CPB in large animals for an extended period may be useful as a controlled experimental model for systemic inflammatory responses.

MicroRNA-323-5p Involved in Dexmedetomidine Preconditioning Impart Neuroprotection.

: Cerebral ischemia is one of the major preoperative complications. Dexmedetomidine is a well-known sedative-hypnotic agent that has potential organ-protective effects. We examine the miRNAs associated with preconditioning effects of dexmedetomidine in cerebral ischemia.

Comparison between pressure-controlled and manual ventilation during anesthetic induction in patients with expected difficult airway: A prospective randomized controlled trial.

Background: Gastric insufflation can cause gastric regurgitation, which may be exacerbated in patients who are expected to have difficult airways. The purpose of this study was to investigate the difference in respiratory parameters and the frequency of gastric insufflation according to the ventilation mode during the anesthestic induction on patients who were predicted to have difficult facemask ventilation.

Methods: A total of eighty patients with expected airway difficulties were included.

Relationship between Arachidonate 5-Lipoxygenase-Activating Protein Gene and Peripheral Arterial Disease in Elderly Patients Undergoing General Surgery: A Retrospective Observational Study.

Patients with peripheral arterial disease (PAD) are at a higher risk of developing postoperative complications. Arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase-activating protein (ALOX5AP) plays an important role in atherosclerosis pathogenesis. In this study, the relationship between PAD and several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of ALOX5AP (rs17216473, rs10507391, rs4769874, rs9551963, rs17222814, and rs7222842) was investigated in elderly patients undergoing general surgery.

Increase in body temperature in pediatric patients after costal cartilage harvest in microtia reconstruction: A retrospective observational study.

Background: Previous evidence has clearly shown that maintaining normothermia in children undergoing surgery is difficult and is associated with adverse outcomes. Therefore, this study aimed to retrospectively analyze the changes in body temperature over time in 2 different types of microtia reconstruction surgeries, namely, embedding, and elevation surgeries.

Methods: We performed a retrospective chart review of patients who underwent microtia reconstruction (embedding and elevation) between July 2012 and February 2015 (n = 38).

Postoperative propofol bolus treatment did not affect recovery time in patients with emergence agitation after sevoflurane anesthesia in pediatric patients undergoing strabismus surgery: Prospective nonrandomized case-control study.

Background: The incidence of emergence agitation (EA) after sevoflurane anesthesia is high, especially in pediatric strabismus surgery. However, research thus far has focused on the pharmacological prophylaxis of EA and administering drugs to pediatric patients without EA is problematic. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the use of propofol after sevoflurane anesthesia affects recovery time in patients with EA.

Effects of blood flow on the antibacterial efficacy of chlorhexidine and silver sulfadiazine coated central venous catheter: A simulation-based pilot study.

Background: Chlorhexidine and silver sulfadiazine coated central venous catheters (CSS-CVC) may cause loss of antimicrobial efficacy due to friction between the CVC surface and sheer stress caused by the blood flow. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the antibacterial efficacy of CSS-CVC at various flow rates using a bloodstream model.

Methods: Each CVC was subjected to various flow rates (0.

Effectiveness Comparison of Dexmedetomidine and Remifentanil for Perioperative Management in Patients Undergoing Endoscopic Sinus Surgery.

Background: For patients undergoing endoscopic sinus surgery, intranasal injection of epinephrine can cause acute increases in heart rate and blood pressure.

Objective: Among the drugs for reducing hyperdynamic effects, dexmedetomidine and remifentanil are expected to blunt the acute hemodynamic responses after intranasal injection of epinephrine. Our study compared a difference in the 2 drugs in their abilities to blunt the hemodynamic responses in intraoperative period and postoperative profile.

Ultrasound-guided sciatic nerve block at the midthigh level in a porcine model: A descriptive study.

Background And Objective: There are a growing number of porcine models being used for orthopaedic experiments for human beings. Therefore, pain management of those research pigs using ultrasound (US)-guided nerve block can be usefully performed. The aim of this study is to determine optimal US approaches for accessing and localizing the sciatic nerve at the midthigh level, a relevant block site for hindlimb surgery in female Yorkshire pigs.

Quantifying the depth of anesthesia based on brain activity signal modeling.

Various methods of assessing the depth of anesthesia (DoA) and reducing intraoperative awareness during general anesthesia have been extensively studied in anesthesiology. However, most of the DoA monitors do not include brain activity signal modeling. Here, we propose a new algorithm termed the cortical activity index (CAI) based on the brain activity signals.

Elevation of Preoperative Ammonia Level Is Not Associated With the Incidence of Postoperative Delirium in Patients with Liver Transplantation: A Propensity Score Matching Analysis.

Introduction: The preoperative elevation of ammonia may be associated with postoperative neurologic complications. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of preoperative ammonia level on the incidence of delirium in patients after liver transplantation (LT).

Materials And Methods: Patients (n = 260) who received LT from January 2010 to July 2017 in a single university hospital were retrospectively reviewed.

Pain-Relieving Effect of 4.4 MHz of Pulsed Radiofrequency on Acute Knee Arthritis in Rats.

Objective: Drug injections and surgery are popular treatments for knee joint osteoarthritis. However, these treatments are invasive, and new noninvasive treatments with similar or better efficacy are needed. Here, we evaluated the application of 4.

Relationship between the muscle relaxation effect and body muscle mass measured using bioelectrical impedance analysis: A nonrandomized controlled trial.

Objective: The dose of neuromuscular blocking drugs is commonly based on body weight, but using muscle mass might be more effective. This study investigated the relationship between the effect of neuromuscular blocking drugs and muscle mass measured using bioelectrical impedance analysis.

Methods: Patients who were scheduled for elective surgery using a muscle relaxant were screened for inclusion in this study.

Effect of varying external pneumatic pressure on hemolysis and red blood cell elongation index in fresh and aged blood: Randomized laboratory research.

Background: External applied pneumatic pressure is usually used for rapid transfusion of red blood cells (RBCs). However, increased shear stress can cause increased hemolysis and decreased RBC elongation indices. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to measure the degree of hemolysis and the alteration of RBC elongation indices under varying external pressure in fresh and aged blood.

Optimal dose of rocuronium bromide undergoing adenotonsillectomy under 5% sevoflurane with fentanyl.

Objective: Adenotonsillectomy is a short surgical procedure under general anaesthesia in children. An ideal muscle relaxant for adenotonsillectomy would create an intense neuromuscular block while having a quick recovery time without postoperative morbidity. We compared the effect of different doses of rocuronium for the tracheal intubation in children under 5% sevoflurane and fentanyl.

Comparison of the temperature and humidity in the anesthetic breathing circuit among different anesthetic workstations: Updated guidelines for reporting parallel group randomized trials.

Background: For patients undergoing general anesthesia, adequate warming and humidification of the inspired gases is very important. The aim of this study was to evaluate the differences in the heat and moisture content of the inspired gases with low-flow anesthesia using 4 different anesthesia machines.

Methods: The patients were divided into 11 groups according to the anesthesia machine used (Ohmeda, Excel; Avance; Dräger, Cato; and Primus) and the fresh gas flow (FGF) rate (0.

Successful early application of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation to support cardiopulmonary resuscitation for a patient suffering from severe malignant hyperthermia and cardiac arrest: a case report.

Malignant hyperthermia (MH) may lead to metabolic crisis of skeletal muscle in susceptible individuals following exposure to triggering agents such as volatile anesthetics or depolarizing muscle relaxants. MH is a rare and a potentially lethal disease, which can lead to cardiac arrest. We report a case of severe MH, in which the rapidly evolving signs of hypermetabolism eventually resulted in cardiac arrest.

[Postoperative excessive blood loss after cardiac surgery can be predicted with International Society on Thrombosis and Hemostasis scoring system].

Background And Objective: Prediction of postoperative excessive blood loss is useful for management of Intensive Care Unit after cardiac surgery. The aim of present study was to examine the effectiveness of International Society on Thrombosis and Hemostasis scoring system in patients with cardiac surgery.

Method: After obtaining approval from the institutional review board, the medical records of patients undergoing elective cardiac surgery using Cardio-Pulmonary Bypass between March 2010 and February 2014 were retrospectively reviewed.

Chlorhexidine and silver sulfadiazine coating on central venous catheters is not sufficient for protection against catheter-related infection: Simulation-based laboratory research with clinical validation.

Objective The efficacy of chlorhexidine- and silver sulfadiazine-coated central venous catheters (CSS-CVC) against catheter-related infection remains controversial. We hypothesized that the loss of silver nanoparticles may reduce the antibacterial efficacy of CSS-CVCs and that this loss could be due to the frictional force between the surface of the CVC and the bloodstream. The objective of this study was to investigate whether the antimicrobial effect of CSS-CVCs decreases with increasing exposure time in a bloodstream model and quantitatively assay the antimicrobial effect of CSS-CVCs compared with polyurethane and antiseptic-impregnated CVCs.

A Novel and Simple Method for Tracheal Intubation in a Swine Model: Preparing for the Era of Xenotransplantation.

Objectives: Organ transplant in humans is an established therapy for a variety of end-stage organ diseases. However, due to organ shortages and lack of donors, the need for xenotransplant has gradually increased. Xenotransplantation has great potential to solve many of the problems facing organ transplantation.

Optimal anesthetic regimen for ambulatory laser microlaryngeal surgery.

Objectives/hypothesis: Laser microlaryngeal surgery (LMS) is a short operation requiring brief and intense paralysis. Adequate muscle relaxation and rapid recovery of neuromuscular function are essential for improving surgical conditions and reducing the incidence of complications during LMS. However, the ideal muscle relaxant with a rapid onset and short duration of action is not yet available.