Anthracene derivatives with strong spin-orbit coupling and efficient high-lying reverse intersystem crossing beyond the El-Sayed rule.

The attention to materials with hot exciton channel and triplet-triplet fusion (TTF) mediated high-lying reverse intersystem crossing (hRISC) has been raised for their ability to convert non-emissive 'dark' triplets into radiative singlet excitons. This spin conversion process results in high exciton utilization efficiency (EUE) that exceeds the theoretical limits. Notably, it is known that such spin conversion processes from the high-lying excited triplet to the singlet state are facilitated by the orthogonal orbital transition effect governed by the El-Sayed's rule.

Asymmetric Blue Multiresonance TADF Emitters with a Narrow Emission Band.

In this study, we synthesized and characterized multiple resonance (MR) type blue thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitters. Unlike many boron-based MR-TADF materials, the blue TADF emitters of this work had an asymmetric molecular structure with one boron, one oxygen, and one nitrogen. The aromatic units linked to the nitrogen were changed into diphenylamine, carbazole, dimethylacridine, and diphenylacridine to manage the light emission properties of the emitters.

Highly Efficient 7,7-Dimethyl-9-(10-phenylanthracen-9-yl)-7H-Benzo[6,7]Indeno[1,2-f]Quinoline Derivatives for Blue Fluorescent Organic Light-Emitting Diodes.

Highly efficient blue fluorescent 7,7-dimethyl-9-(10-phenylanthracen-9-yl)-7H-benzo[6,7]indeno[1,2- f]quinoline derivatives, based on benzo-indeno-quinoline and phenylanthracene were designed and synthesized. To test their electroluminescent properties, organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) were fabricated with the configuration of indium-tin-oxide (ITO) (150 nm)/4,4',4″-Tris[2- naphthyl(phenyl)amino]triphenylamine (2-TNATA) (30 nm)/N,N'-di(1-naphthyl)-N,N'-diphenyl-1,1'- biphenyl)4,4'-diamine (NPB) (20 nm)/blue emitting materials (20 nm)/bathophenanthroline (Bphen) (30 nm)/Liq (2 nm)/Al (100 nm). The devices using these blue materials as emitters showed efficient blue emission.

7,7-Dimethyl-9-(10-phenylanthracen-9-yl)-7H-Benzo[b] Fluoreno[3,4-d]Thiophene Derivatives for Blue Fluorescent Organic Light-Emitting Diodes.

In this study, we designed and synthesized two blue fluorescence materials using 7,7-dimethyl-9-(10-phenylanthracen-9-yl)-7H-benzo[b]fluoreno[3,4-d]thiophene substituted anthracene derivatives. To characterize their electroluminescent properties, we fabricated the OLED devices using these two emitting materials. Particularly, a device using 7,7-dimethyl-9-(10-phenylanthracen-9-yl)-7Hbenzo[ b]fluoreno[3,4-d]thiophene showed maximum values of luminous efficiency, power efficiency, and external quantum efficiency of 2.

Platinum (II) Complexes Based on Tetradentate Pyridine-Containing Ligands for Phosphorescent Organic Light-Emitting Diodes.

In this study, we designed and synthesized two phosphorescent emitting materials based on tetradentate pyridine-containing ligands. Their photophysical properties were examined for OLEDs and multilayer devices using these materials were fabricated in the following sequence; ITO (180 nm)/4,4',4″-Tris[2-naphthyl(phenyl)amino]triphenylamine (2-TNATA) (30 nm)/,'-di(1-naphthyl)-,'-diphenyl-1,1'-biphenyl)4,4'-diamine (NPB) (20 nm)/Tris(4-carbazoyl-9-ylphenyl)amine (TCTA) (10 nm)/4,4'-Bis(-carbazolyl)-1,1'-biphenyl(CBP): 5, 8, 15% Platinum (II) complexes (20 nm)/1,3,5-Tris(1-Phenyl-1-benzimidazol-2-yl)benzene) (TPBi) (40 nm)/Liq (2 nm)/Al (100 nm). In particularly, a device using Platinum (II) complex based on A/-(3,5-di-tert-butylphenyl)-6-phenyl--(6-phenylpyridin-2-yl)pyridin-2-amine ligand showed the efficient emission, with luminous efficiency, power efficiency, and external quantum efficiency, and the Commission International de LEclairge (CIE) coordinates of 29.

Red Phosphorescent Platinum(II) Complexes with Tetradentate Pyridine-Containing Ligands for Organic Light Emitting Diodes.

Here, red phosphorescent platinum(II) complexes based on tetradentate pyridine-containing lig-ands are studied. To investigate their electroluminescent properties, multilayer devices were fabricated in the following sequence; ITO (180 nm)/4,4',4″-Tris[2-naphthyl(phenyl)amino]triphenylamine (2-TNATA) (30 nm)/, '-di(1-naphthyl)-,'-diphenyl-1,1'-biphenyl)4,4'-diamine (NPB) (20 nm)/ Tris(4-carbazoyl-9-ylphenyl)amine (TCTA) (10 nm)/4,4'-Bis(-carbazolyl)-1,1'-biphenyl (CBP) (20 nm)/Platinum(II) complex (20 nm)/1,3,5-Tris(1-Phenyl-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)benzene) (TPBi) (40 nm)/Liq (2 nm)/Al (100 nm). In particularly, a device using platinum(II) complex based on -(3,5-di-tert-butylphenyl)-3-(pyridin-2-yl)--(3-(pyridin-2-yl)phenyl)benzenamineligand showed the efficient red emission, with a luminous efficiency, power efficiency, and external quantum efficiency of, and the Commission International de LEclairge (CIE) coordinates of 27.

Deep Blue Organic Light-Emitting Diodes Based on [7,7-Dimethyl-9-(10-phenylanthracen-9-yl)-7H-Indeno[1,2-f] Isoquinoline] Derivatives.

In this study, we synthesized and characterized two novel deep blue emitting materials based on indenoquinoline-substituted phenylanthracene derivatives. Multilayer organic light-emitting diodes were fabricated with the following sequence: indium-tin-oxide (ITO)/4,4',4″-tris[2-naphthyl(phenyl)amino (2-TNATA)/4,4'-bis(--naphthyl)--phenylamino) biphenyl (NPB)/Blue emitting material ( or )/Bathophenanthroline (Bphen)/lithium quinolate (Liq)/Al. A device using '7,7-dimethyl-9-(10-phenylanthracen-9-yl)-7H-indeno[1,2-f] isoquinoline ()' as an emitter showed the efficient emission with the luminous efficiency, power efficiency, and external quantum efficiency of 2.

Blue Fluorescent Organic Light-Emitting Diodes Using 11,11-Dimethyl-3-(10-phenylanthracen-9-yl)-11-Indeno[1,2-]Quinoline Derivatives.

In this study, we designed and synthesized two blue fluorescence materials using phenylanthracenesubstituted-indenoquinoline derivatives by Suzuki coupling reaction for organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). In order to study their electroluminescent properties, we fabricated the OLED devices using these two materials as emissive layer (EML) with the following sequence: indium-tin-oxide (ITO, 180 nm)/4,4',4″-tris[2-naphthyl(phenyl)-amino]triphenylamine (2-TNATA, 30 nm)/'-diphenyl-'-(2-napthyl)-(1,1'-phenyl)-4,4'-diamine (NPB, 20 nm)/Blue emitting materials (20 nm)/4,7-Diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (Bphen, 30 nm)/lithium quinolate (Liq, 2 nm)/Al (100 nm). In particular, a device using 11,11-dimethyl-3-(10-phenylanthracen-9-yl)-11-Indeno[1,2-]quinoline in emitting layer showed luminous efficiency, power efficiency, and external quantum efficiency of 2.

Platinum(II) Complexes Based on Phenylbenzoazole-Derived Ligands for Phosphorescent Organic Light-Emitting Diodes.

Phosphorescent Pt(II) complexes based on phenylbenzoazole ligands were synthesized and their photophysical properties were investigated for OLEDs. Multilayered OLEDs devices using these complexes as emitters showed the efficient emissions, which are very sensitive to the structural and photophysical properties of Pt(II) complexes. In particularly, a device C using Pt(II) complex 2 based on phenylbenzoazole ligand as the dopant exhibited efficient emission with a luminous efficiency, a power efficiency, an external quantum efficiency, and CIE coordinates of 8.

Efficient Organic Light-Emitting Diodes Based on Indeno-Type Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons.

To develop the efficient emitters for organic light-emitting diode (OLED), three indeno-type polyaromatic hydrocarbons materials were designed and synthesized through Buchwald-Hartwig amination. OLED devices using these materials were fabricated in the following sequence: indium-tin-oxide (ITO) (180 nm)/'-diphenyl-'-(2-napthyl)-(1,1'-phenyl)-4,4'-diamine (NPB) (50 nm)/Emitting materials () (30 nm)/4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (BPhen) (30 nm)/lithium quinolate (Liq) (2 nm)/Al (100 nm). All devices showed the efficient emissions.

Studies on Organic Light Emitting Diodes Using Phenanthroline Derivatives as Emitters.

In this study, we designed and synthesized blue emitting materials based on 1, 10-phenanthroline derivatives. OLED devices using these materials were fabricated in the following sequence; indium-tin-oxide (ITO) (180 nm)/,'-diphenyl-,'-(2-napthyl)-(1,1'-phenyl)-4,4'-diamine (NPB) (50 nm)/Tris(4-carbazoyl-9-ylphenyl)amine (TCTA) (10 nm)/Blue materials (20 nm)/2,2',2″-(1,3, 5-Benzinetriyl)-tris(1-phenyl-1--benzimidazole) (TPBi) (30 nm)/lithium quinolate (Liq) (2 nm)/Al (100 nm). Particularly, a device using 2-(4-(9,9-dimethylacridin-10(9H)-yl)phenyl)-1-phenyl-1Himidazo[ 4,5-f][1,10] phenanthroline as a blue emitter showed the maximum values of luminous efficiency, power efficiency, and external quantum efficiency of 1.

Indenophenanthrene Derivatives for Highly Efficient Blue Organic Light-Emitting Diodes.

In this study, we designed and synthesized three fluorescent blue emitting materials based on indenophenanthrene derivatives. These derivatives were synthesized by Suzuki coupling reaction. Particularly, a device using 9,10-bis(9,9-dimethyl-9H-indeno[2,1-l]phenanthren-11-yl)anthracene as blue emitter showed maximum values of luminous efficiency, power efficiency, and external quantum efficiency of 7.

Synthesis of Benzo[g]quinoline Derivatives and Their Electroluminescent Properties.

Two fluorescent benzo[g]quinoline derivatives were synthesized via Friedländer synthesis. Multilayered OLEDs using benzo[g]quinoline derivatives as the emitters showed unexpected emissions by electroplexes. Particularly, a device using 2-(naphthalen-3-yl)-4-phenylbenzo[g]quinoline as an emitting material exhibited efficient emission with a luminous efficiency, a power efficiency, an external quantum efficiency, and CIE coordinates of 3.

Facile synthesis of copper ferrocyanide-embedded magnetic hydrogel beads for the enhanced removal of cesium from water.

A simple one-step approach for fabricating copper ferrocyanide-embedded magnetic hydrogel beads (CuFC-MHBs) was designed, and the beads were applied to the effective removal of cesium (Cs) and then magnetically separated from water. The polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-coated CuFC (PVA-CuFC) was first synthesized using PVA as a stabilizer and subsequently embedded in magnetic hydrogel beads made of a cross-linked network between the PVA and magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles that was prepared through the simple dropwise addition of a mixed solution of PVA-CuFC, PVA and iron salt into an ammonium hydroxide solution. The synthesis and chemical immobilization of the PVA-CuFC in the magnetic beads were simple, facile and achieved in one pot, and the process is scalable and convenient for the large-scale treatment of Cs-contaminated water.

Fabrication of Blue Organic Light-Emitting Diodes Based on Indeno-Phenanthrene/Triphenylene Amine Derivatives.

Among the three primary colors, blue-emitting materials are limited by the wide energy band gap. In this study, we designed and synthesized emitting materials based on indeno-phenanthrene/ triphenylene derivatives. Organic light emitting-diodes (OLEDs) using these materials were fabricated in the following sequence; ITO/,'-diphenyl-,'-(2-napthyl)-(1,1'-phenyl)-4,4'-diamine (NPB) (500 Å)/Blue materials (30 nm)/4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (BPhen) (30 nm)/lithium quinolate (Liq) (20 Å)/Al (1000 Å).

Highly Efficient Organic Light-Emitting Diodes Based on Naphthoanthracene Derivatives Containing Different Arylamines.

Herein, we designed and synthesized emitting materials based on naphthoanthracene with the different arylamino-substituents. Organic Light Emitting-Diodes (OLEDs) devices using these materials were fabricated in the following sequence; ITO/,'-diphenyl-,'-(2-napthyl)-(1,1'-phenyl)-4,4'- diamine (NPB) (500 Å)/Emitters (400 Å)/Alumium quinolate (Alq₃) (150 Å)/lithium quinolate (Liq) (20 Å)/Al (1000 Å). All devices showed efficient emissions.

Highly Efficient Blue Organic Light-Emitting Diodes Based on Diarylamine-Substituted Pyrene Derivatives.

In this study, we designed and synthesized three blue fluorescence materials based on diarylamine-substituted pyrene derivatives. Organic Light Emitting-Diodes devices using these materials were fabricated in the following sequence; ITO/2-TNATA (300 Å)/NPB (200 Å)/,-ADN: 10 wt% blue materials 1-3 (300 Å)/DNAB (300 Å)/Liq (20 Å)/Al (1000 Å). All devices showed highly efficient blue emissions.

Diphenylaminoarylvinyl-Substituted Diphenylanthracenes for Organic Light-Emitting Diodes.

Two blue fluorescent materials based on diphenylaminoarylvinyl-substituted diphenylanthracene have been synthesized. Multilayered organic light-emitting diodes (OLED) with the following sequence; ITO/NPB (50 nm)/Blue materials (30 nm)/Bphen (30 nm)/Liq (2 nm)/Al (100 nm) were fabricated using these materials as emitters. Two devices exhibited blue electroluminescence.

Synthesis and Electroluminescent Properties of Quinoline-Substituted Anthracene Derivatives for Organic Light-Emitting Diodes.

In this study, two anthracene derivatives with quinoline moieties were synthesized. To investigate their electroluminescent (EL) properties, multilayered OLEDs with the following sequence; indiumtin-oxide (ITO)/N, N'-di(1-naphthyl)-N, N'-diphenyl-(1,1'-biphenyl)-4,4'-diamine (NPB) (20 nm)/Blue emitting materials (30 nm)/bathophenanthroline (Bphen) (30 nm)/lithium quinolate (Liq) (2 nm)/Al (100 nm) were fabricated using these materials as emitters. Two devices exhibited EL in blue to sky-blue regions.

Efficient Organic Light-Emitting Diodes Based on Naphthoanthracene Derivatives.

In this study, we designed and synthesized emitting materials based on naphthoanthracene derivatives. Organic Light Emitting-Diodes (OLEDs) devices using each four materials were fabricated. All devices showed efficient emissions.

Naphthalene Derivatives End-Capped with 2-(Diphenylamino)-9,9-Diethylfluorenes for Blue Organic Light-Emitting Diodes.

To investigate the electroluminescent (EL) properties of fluorescent materials based on fluorene-substituted naphthalene, multilayered OLEDs with the following sequence; indium- tin-oxide (ITO)/N,N'-di(1-naphthyl)-N,N'-diphenyl-(1,1'-biphenyl)-4,4'-diamine (NPB) (50 nm)/Blue emitting materials (30 nm)/4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (Bphen) (30 nm)/lithium quinolate (Liq) (2 nm)/Al (100 nm) were fabricated using these materials as emitters. These devices exhibited blue emissions. Particularly, a device using 7-(1-(1-(2-(diphenylamino)-9,9-diethyl-9H-fluoren-7- yl)naphthalen-4-yl)naphthalen-4-yl)-9,9-diethyl-N,N-diphenyl-9H-fluoren-2-amine as a blue emitting material exhibited blue emission with a luminous efficiency, a power efficiency, an external quantum efficiency, and CIE coordinates of 2.

Blue organic light-emitting diodes based on fluorene-bridged quinazoline and quinoxaline derivatives.

Two blue emitters based on fluorene-bridged quinazoline and quinoxaline derivatives were prepared via the Suzuki reaction. Their photoluminescent properties were investigated. Furthermore, theoretical studies on these materials using the density functional theory calculation were conducted.

Quinoline-Substituted 10-(naphthalene-7-yl)anthracene Derivatives for Blue Fluorescent Organic Light-Emitting Diodes.

In this study, we have designed and synthesized blue emitters based on quinoline-substituted 10-(naphthalene-7-yl)anthracene. Particularly, a material exhibited highly efficient blue electroluminescence with CIE coordinates of (0.15, 0.

Arthracene Derivatives Containing the Various Heterocyclic Moiety as the Efficient Emitting Materials for Organic Light-Emitting Diodes.

We have designed and synthesized three emitters based on anthracene derivatives (1-3) containing various heterocyclic compounds via the Suzuki cross coupling reaction. Among those, a material showed efficient blue electroluminescent properties with a luminous, a power, and an external quantum efficiencies of 1.99 cd/A, 0.

Red Phosphorescent Bis-Cyclometalated Iridium Complexes with Fluorine-, Phenyl-, and Fluorophenyl-Substituted 2-Arylquinoline Ligands.

Red phosphorescent iridium(III) complexes based on fluorine-, phenyl-, and fluorophenyl-substituted 2-arylquinoline ligands were designed and synthesized. To investigate their electrophosphorescent properties, devices were fabricated with the following structure: indium tin oxide (ITO)/4,4',4''-tris[2-naphthyl(phenyl)amino]triphenylamine (2-TNATA)/4,4'-bis[N-(1-naphthyl)-N-phenylamino]biphenyl (NPB)/4,4'-bis(N-carbazolyl)-1,1'-biphenyl (CBP): 8% iridium (III) complexes/bathocuproine (BCP)/tris(8-hydroxyquinolinato)aluminum (Alq3)/8-hydroxyquinoline lithium (Liq)/Al. All devices, which use these materials showed efficient red emissions.