Long-term Breastfeeding in the Prevention of Allergic Rhinitis: Allergic Rhinitis Cohort Study for Kids (ARCO-Kids Study).

Objectives: There is a great deal of interest in the possibility that environmental factors may influence the risk of developing allergic rhinitis (AR) in early life. We investigated the simultaneous effects of mode of delivery and duration of breastfeeding on the development of AR in children.

Methods: Data from 1,374 children participating in the Allergic Rhinitis Cohort Study for kids (ARCO-kids study) was analyzed.

Normal Mastoid Air Cell System Geometry: Has Surface Area Been Overestimated?

Objectives: The aim of this study was to emphasize the necessity of a standard in segmentation threshold and algorithm for measuring volume and surface area of mastoid air cell system (MACS).

Methods: First, we obtained axial computed tomography scans of 54 normal temporal bones from 27 subjects. Then, we manipulated Hounsfield units (HU) image data in DICOM (digital imaging and communications in medicine) files directly using our program.

Efficacy and safety of eltrombopag in adult refractory immune thrombocytopenia.

Background: Eltrombopag is a thrombopoietin receptor agonist with excellent treatment outcomes in immune thrombocytopenia (ITP). Here, we analyzed the dose of eltrombopag required to achieve and maintain safe platelet counts in Korean ITP patients.

Methods: Adult refractory ITP patients (<30,000 platelets/µL) were enrolled.

Primary sinonasal tuberculosis confined to the unilateral maxillary sinus.

Extrapulmonary tuberculosis is not rare and occurs mainly in the head and neck region. Cervical tuberculous lymphadenopathy is the most common form of extrapulmonary tuberculosis. Sinonasal tuberculosis is known to occur very rarely due to the protective functions of sinonasal mucosa.

Various tumors in the nasal vestibule.

Various types of diseases can involve the nasal vestibule. Diagnosis and treatment of a nasal vestibular mass is often challenging due to the anatomical features of the nasal vestibule. Here, we present four cases with nasal vestibular masses.

Seasonal variation in skin sensitivity to aeroallergens.

Purpose: We previously demonstrated seasonal variation in sensitization to aeroallergens in a small group of patients with exercise-induced asthma. This study was performed to confirm the relationship in a much larger population.

Methods: The charts of 1,891 patients who received allergy skin prick tests were reviewed retrospectively.

Fibrous dysplasia of the inferior turbinate.

Fibrous dysplasia (FD) is a benign skeletal disorder in which abnormally overgrowing bony lesion replaces normal bone. FD can affect one bone (monostotic form) or multiple bones (polyostotic form). The craniofacial bones are involved in about 10% of subjects with monostotic FD.

The role of mucosal immunity in fungus ball of the paranasal sinuses.

Conclusion: Increased levels of immunoglobulin (Ig)A, plasma cells, and lymphocytes without infiltration of other inflammatory cells suggest that mucosal immunity may play an important role in paranasal fungus ball.

Objectives: This study aimed to examine the nasal mucosal immune responses to fungi to understand the pathogenesis of fungus ball.

Methods: Five patients with fungus ball of the maxillary sinus were enrolled.

A schwannoma in the nasal septum.

Schwannomas of the sinonasal tract are very rare neoplasms. We present the case of a schwannoma developing in the nasal septum. The patient was a 51-year-old woman with the complaint of unilateral nasal obstruction.

Effects of dexamethasone on the expression of transforming growth factor-beta in the mouse model of allergic rhinitis.

Objectives/hypothesis: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of dexamethasone on the expression of transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta in the mouse model of allergic rhinitis.

Study Design: Female BALB/c mice were randomly assigned to four groups, including two control groups and two treatment groups.

Methods: General sensitization and local challenge were performed with ovalbumin (OVA).

Suppression of allergic response by CpG motif oligodeoxynucleotide-house-dust mite conjugate in animal model of allergic rhinitis.

Background: Although there have been many therapeutic options for allergic disease, the true allergen desensitization remains a challenging goal. The classic immunotherapy has a limited efficacy, is inconvenient, and has a risk of anaphylaxis. Recent reports revealed that immunostimulatory DNA sequences (ISS-oligdeoxynucleotide [ODN], CpG motif) act as a strong Th1 response-inducing adjuvants and that DNA-based vaccination might be an effective therapeutic option.

Comparison of ciliary wave disorders measured by image analysis and electron microscopy.

Conclusion: We have developed a simple, reliable method for the simultaneous determination of the ciliary wave disorder (CWD) and ciliary beat frequency (CBF) of actively beating cilia.

Objective: The CBF and the directions of beating cilia are two important components of mucociliary transport. Although lots of studies have been performed on the measurement of the CBF, there have been few studies on the direction of cilia, with the exception of those using electron microscopy (EM).