Improved Acromiohumeral Distance Independently Predicts Better Outcomes After Arthroscopic Superior Capsular Reconstruction Graft Tears.

Purpose: To identify independent factors responsible for poor outcomes after a graft tear after arthroscopic superior capsular reconstruction (ASCR).

Methods: Patients who underwent ASCR for massive rotator cuff tears between January 2013 and July 2021were reviewed. On the basis of the achievement of the minimal clinically important differences for clinical outcome measures at the final follow-up, patients were divided into the good outcome (GO) and poor outcome (PO) groups.

Clinical validation of enhanced CT imaging for distal radius fractures through conditional Generative Adversarial Networks (cGAN).

Background/purpose: Distal radius fractures (DRFs) account for approximately 18% of fractures in patients 65 years and older. While plain radiographs are standard, the value of high-resolution computed tomography (CT) for detailed imaging crucial for diagnosis, prognosis, and intervention planning, and increasingly recognized. High-definition 3D reconstructions from CT scans are vital for applications like 3D printing in orthopedics and for the utility of mobile C-arm CT in orthopedic diagnostics.

Antiepileptic and Neuroprotective Effects of Root Extract on Trimethyltin-Induced Epilepsy and Neurodegeneration: and Analyses.

Background: root, cataloged as "" in the Korean Pharmacopeia, is rich in various anthraquinones known for their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Formulations containing are traditionally employed for treating neurological conditions. This study aimed to substantiate the antiepileptic and neuroprotective efficacy of root extract (RTE) against trimethyltin (TMT)-induced epileptic seizures and hippocampal neurodegeneration.

Effect of age and gender in rates of achieving minimal clinically important difference and patient-acceptable symptom state 2 years after arthroscopic superior capsular reconstruction.

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) and the effects of gender and age on achieving clinically significant outcomes in patients undergoing arthroscopic superior capsular reconstruction (ASCR) with a minimum 2-year follow-up.

Methods: Patients undergoing ASCR for irreparable rotator cuff tear between 2013 and 2020 were reviewed. Preoperative and minimum 2-year postoperative PROMs were collected, including American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES), Constant, single assessment numeric evaluation (SANE), and visual analog scale (VAS) scores.

Preoperative magnetic resonance imaging rotator cuff tendon stump classification correlates with the surgical outcomes following superior capsular reconstruction.

Hypothesis: This study aimed to investigate the correlation between rotator cuff stump classification and postoperative outcomes after superior capsular reconstruction (SCR).

Methods: A total of 75 patients who underwent SCR between June 2013 and May 2021 were included in this study. Based on stump classification using the signal intensity ratio of the tendon rupture site to the deltoid muscle in the coronal view of preoperative T2-weighted, fat-suppressed magnetic resonance imaging scans, the patients were classified into types 1, 2, and 3 with ratios of <0.

Mass spectrometry-guided isolation of thiodiketopiperazines from an EtOAc-extract of Setosphaeria rostrata culture medium and their anti-skin aging effects on TNF-α-induced human dermal fibroblasts.

Using mass spectrometry (MS)-guided isolation methods, a new thiodiketopiperazine derivative (1) and exserohilone (2) were isolated from an EtOAc-extract of Setosphaeria rostrata culture medium. The chemical structure of the new compound was elucidated by MS and NMR spectroscopy, and the absolute configurations were established by the quantum mechanical calculations of electronic circular dichroism. All isolated compounds were examined for their effects on reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, matrix metalloproteinase 1 (MMP-1) secretion, and procollagen type I α1 secretion in tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α-induced human dermal fibroblasts.

Overcoming the Challenges in the Development and Implementation of Artificial Intelligence in Radiology: A Comprehensive Review of Solutions Beyond Supervised Learning.

Artificial intelligence (AI) in radiology is a rapidly developing field with several prospective clinical studies demonstrating its benefits in clinical practice. In 2022, the Korean Society of Radiology held a forum to discuss the challenges and drawbacks in AI development and implementation. Various barriers hinder the successful application and widespread adoption of AI in radiology, such as limited annotated data, data privacy and security, data heterogeneity, imbalanced data, model interpretability, overfitting, and integration with clinical workflows.

Diagnosis of osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures and fracture level detection using multitask learning with U-Net in lumbar spine lateral radiographs.

Recent studies of automatic diagnosis of vertebral compression fractures (VCFs) using deep learning mainly focus on segmentation and vertebral level detection in lumbar spine lateral radiographs (LSLRs). Herein, we developed a model for simultaneous VCF diagnosis and vertebral level detection without using adjacent vertebral bodies. In total, 1102 patients with VCF, 1171 controls were enrolled.

Screening of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis using generative adversarial network (GAN) inversion method in chest radiographs.

Objective: Conventional computer-aided diagnosis using convolutional neural networks (CNN) has limitations in detecting sensitive changes and determining accurate decision boundaries in spectral and structural diseases such as scoliosis. We devised a new method to detect and diagnose adolescent idiopathic scoliosis in chest X-rays (CXRs) employing the latent space's discriminative ability in the generative adversarial network (GAN) and a simple multi-layer perceptron (MLP) to screen adolescent idiopathic scoliosis CXRs.

Materials And Methods: Our model was trained and validated in a two-step manner.

Automated diagnosis of flatfoot using cascaded convolutional neural network for angle measurements in weight-bearing lateral radiographs.

Objectives: Diagnosis of flatfoot using a radiograph is subject to intra- and inter-observer variabilities. Here, we developed a cascade convolutional neural network (CNN)-based deep learning model (DLM) for an automated angle measurement for flatfoot diagnosis using landmark detection.

Methods: We used 1200 weight-bearing lateral foot radiographs from young adult Korean males for the model development.

Automated landmark identification for diagnosis of the deformity using a cascade convolutional neural network (FlatNet) on weight-bearing lateral radiographs of the foot.

Landmark detection in flatfoot radiographs is crucial in analyzing foot deformity. Here, we evaluated the accuracy and efficiency of the automated identification of flatfoot landmarks using a newly developed cascade convolutional neural network (CNN) algorithm, Flatfoot Landmarks AnnoTating Network (FlatNet). A total of 1200 consecutive weight-bearing lateral radiographs of the foot were acquired.

Neuroprotective effect of Geijigadaehwang-tang against trimethyltin-induced hippocampal neurodegeneration: An in vitro and in vivo study.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Patients with dementia are diagnosed with deficiency patterns and interior patterns in traditional Chinese medicine due to decreased physical strength, mental atrophy including cognitive function, and decreased motor function in the gastrointestinal tract. Since "greater yin symptom" in Shanghanlun has been interpreted as interior, deficiency, and cold pattern in traditional Chinese medicine, it is necessary to determine whether Geijigadaehwang-tang (GDT) has therapeutic effects on neurodegenerative diseases and the underlying mechanism if it has such effects.

Aims Of The Study: Trimethyltin (TMT), a neurotoxic organotin compound, has been used to induce several neurodegenerative diseases, including epilepsy and Alzheimer's disease.

Enhancement of evaluating flatfoot on a weight-bearing lateral radiograph of the foot with U-Net based semantic segmentation on the long axis of tarsal and metatarsal bones in an active learning manner.

Robust labeling for semantic segmentation in radiographs is labor-intensive. No study has evaluated flatfoot-related deformities using semantic segmentation with U-Net on weight-bearing lateral radiographs. Here, we evaluated the robustness, accuracy enhancement, and efficiency of automated measurements for flatfoot-related angles using semantic segmentation in an active learning manner.

Clerodane Diterpenoids Identified from Showing Antifungal Activity against Plant Pathogens.

In the search for new natural resources showing plant disease control effects, we found that the methanol extract of suppressed fungal disease development in plants. To identify the bioactive substances, the methanol extract of was extracted by organic solvents, and consequently, four new 2-oxo-clerodane diterpenes (), a new 4(3 → 2)--clerodane diterpene (), together with ten known compounds () were isolated and identified from the extracts. Of the new compounds, compound showed a broad spectrum of antifungal activity with moderated minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values in a range of 50-100 μg/mL against tested fungal pathogens.

Gekko gecko extract attenuates airway inflammation and mucus hypersecretion in a murine model of ovalbumin-induced asthma.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Gekko gecko is used as a traditional medicine for various diseases including respiratory disorders in northeast Asian countries, mainly Korea, Japan, and China.

Aim Of The Study: Allergic asthma is a chronic respiratory disease caused by an inappropriate immune response. Due to the recent spread of coronavirus disease 2019, interest in the treatment of pulmonary disorders has rapidly increased.

Phenolic constituents isolated from Senna tora sprouts and their neuroprotective effects against glutamate-induced oxidative stress in HT22 and R28 cells.

The consumption of sprouts has been steadily increasing due to their being an excellent source of nutrition. It is known that the bioactive constituents of legumes can be increased after germination. In this study, the extract from Senna tora sprouts is shown to exhibit improved radical scavenging activities and better neuroprotective effects in HT22 hippocampal neuronal (HT22) and R28 retina precursor (R28) cells than those from seeds due to an increased content of phenolic constituents, especially compounds 1 and 3-6.

Chemical constituents from basidiomycete Basidioradulum radula culture medium and their cytotoxic effect on human prostate cancer DU-145 cells.

Eight new naphtho[1,2-c]furan derivatives (1-8) along with six known analogues (9-14) were isolated from culture medium of the basidiomycete Basidioradulum radula. The structures of these compounds were identified using spectroscopic analysis, and their absolute configurations were resolved using X-ray diffraction, ECD, and VCD. Compounds 7 and 14 inhibited the cell viability of human prostate cancer DU-145 cells with IC values of 7.

Anti-inflammatory spiroditerpenoids from Penicillium bialowiezense.

Inflammation is a vital process that maintains tissue homeostasis. However, it is widely known that uncontrolled inflammation can contribute to the development of various diseases. This study aimed to discover anti-inflammatory metabolites from Penicillium bialowiezense.

Chemical Constituents of the Egg Cases of (Mantidis ootheca) with Intracellular Reactive Oxygen Species Scavenging Activity.

As a traditional medicine with potential antioxidant effects, egg cases (Mantidis ootheca) are a potential source of new bioactive substances. Herein, three new -acetyldopamine derivatives, namely, (+)-tenoderin A (), (-)-tenoderin A (), and tenoderin B (), along with thirteen known compounds (-), were isolated from a 70% EtOH extract of . egg cases.

Cicadidae Periostracum Attenuates Atopic Dermatitis Symptoms and Pathology via the Regulation of NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation.

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a multifactorial inflammatory skin disease of complex etiology. Despite its increasing prevalence, treatment for AD is still limited. Crude drugs, including herbal extracts or natural resources, are being used to treat AD symptoms, with minimum side effects.

Therapeutic Effects of Licorice and Dried Ginger Decoction on Activity-Based Anorexia in BALB/c AnNCrl Mice.

Licorice and dried ginger decoction (Gancao-ganjiang-tang, LGD) is used for nausea and anorexia, accompanied by excessive sweating in Traditional Chinese Medicine. Herein, we investigated the therapeutic effects of LGD using the activity-based anorexia (ABA) in a mouse model. Six-week-old female BALB/c AnNCrl mice were orally administered LGD, water, licorice decoction, dried ginger decoction, or chronic olanzapine, and their survival, body weight, food intake, and wheel activity were compared in ABA.

Chemical Constituents from the Aerial Parts of and Their Protective Activities on Glutamate-Induced HT22 Cell Death.

A new phenolic glucoside, (7,9)-3-hydroxyavenalumic acid-3--[6'--()-caffeoyl]-β-d-glucopyranoside (), and three new acetylated flavone glycosides, acacetin-7--[β-d-glucopyranosyl(1″″→2″)-4‴--acetyl-α-l-rhamnopyranosyl(1‴→6″)]-β-d-glucopyranoside (), acacetin-7--[6″″--acetylβ-d-glucopyranosyl(1″″→2″)-3‴--acetyl-α-l-rhamnopyranosyl(1‴→6″)]-β-d-glucopyranoside (), and acacetin-7--[3″″,6″″-di--acetylβ-d-glucopyranosyl(1″″→2″)-4‴--acetyl-α-l-rhamnopyranosyl(1‴→6″)]-β-d-glucopyranoside (), as well as 34 known compounds (, , , and -) were isolated from the aerial parts of . The chemical structures of the new compounds were determined by spectroscopic/spectrometric data interpretation using NMR and HRESIMS. The neuroprotective effect of the isolated compounds was evaluated by a cell viability assay on HT22 murine hippocampal neuronal cells.

Pharmacological Effects of against Gastritis Using a Network Pharmacology Approach.

is used as a Korean traditional medicine to treat gastric diseases. However, the active ingredients and pharmacological targets of are unknown. In this study, we aimed to reveal the pharmacological effects of on gastritis by combining a mice model and a network pharmacology method.