Efficacy and safety of once-weekly efpeglenatide in people with suboptimally controlled type 2 diabetes: The AMPLITUDE-D, AMPLITUDE-L and AMPLITUDE-S randomized controlled trials.

Aim: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of once-weekly (QW) efpeglenatide in people with type 2 diabetes (T2D) suboptimally controlled with oral glucose-lowering drugs and/or basal insulin (BI).

Materials And Methods: Three phase 3, multicentre, randomized controlled trials compared the efficacy and safety of QW efpeglenatide versus dulaglutide when added to metformin (AMPLITUDE-D), efpeglenatide versus placebo when added to BI ± oral glucose-lowering drugs (AMPLITUDE-L) or metformin ± sulphonylurea (AMPLITUDE-S). All trials were terminated early by the sponsor because of funding rather than safety or efficacy concerns.

A novel synthetic compound 3-amino-3-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-1H-quinoline-2,4-dione (KR22332) exerts a radioprotective effect via the inhibition of mitochondrial dysfunction and generation of reactive oxygen species.

Purpose: Acute side effects of radiation such as oral mucositis are observed in most patients. Although several potential radioprotective agents have been proposed, no effective agent has yet been identified. In this study, we investigated the effectiveness of synthetic compound 3-amino-3-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-1H-quinoline-2,4-dione (KR22332) as a radioprotective agent.

Non-thermal atmospheric pressure plasma induces apoptosis in oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma: Involvement of DNA-damage-triggering sub-G(1) arrest via the ATM/p53 pathway.

Recent advances in physics have made possible the use of non-thermal atmospheric pressure plasma (NTP) in cancer research. Although increasing evidence suggests that NTP induces death of various cancer cell types, thus offering a promising alternative treatment, the mechanism of its therapeutic effect is little understood. In this study, we report for the first time that NTP led to apoptotic cell death in oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).

Microporous carbon nanoplates from regenerated silk proteins for supercapacitors.

Novel carbon-based microporous nanoplates containing numerous heteroatoms (H-CMNs) are fabricated from regenerated silk fibroin by the carbonization and activation of KOH. The H-CMNs exhibit superior electrochemical performance, displaying a specific capacitance of 264 F/g in aqueous electrolytes, a specific energy of 133 Wh/kg, a specific power of 217 kW/kg, and a stable cycle life over 10000 cycles.

How to optimize laryngeal and hypopharyngeal exposure in transoral robotic surgery.

Objective: The aim of this study was to present the various strategies adopted in our center to improve and overcome problems with exposure of the operative field in 48 patients who underwent TORS for the treatment of laryngeal and hypopharyngeal cancer.

Methods: We present our operative and preoperative treatment protocols for patients undergoing TORS for laryngeal and hypopharyngeal cancer. In particular, we emphasize the role of preoperative exposure assessment and the usefulness of simple measures to overcome problems with exposure of the operative field.

N-type graphene induced by dissociative H₂ adsorption at room temperature.

Studies of the interaction between hydrogen and graphene have been increasingly required due to the indispensable modulation of the electronic structure of graphene for device applications and the possibility of using graphene as a hydrogen storage material. Here, we report on the behaviour of molecular hydrogen on graphene using the gate voltage-dependent resistance of single-, bi-, and multi-layer graphene sheets as a function of H₂ gas pressure up to 24 bar from 300 K to 345 K. Upon H₂ exposure, the charge neutrality point shifts toward the negative gate voltage region, indicating n-type doping, and distinct Raman signature changes, increases in the interlayer distance of multi-layer graphene, and a decrease in the d-spacing occur, as determined by TEM.

Fibers of reduced graphene oxide nanoribbons.

Reduced graphene oxide nanoribbon fibers were fabricated by using an electrophoretic self-assembly method without the use of any polymer or surfactant. We report electrical and field emission properties of the fibers as a function of reduction degree. In particular, the thermally annealed fiber showed superior field emission performance with a low potential for field emission (0.

An ectopic hamartomatous thymoma.

An ectopic hamartomatous thymoma is an extremely rare benign tumor of the lower neck that is the most common in middle-aged males. Pathologically, the tumor is characterized by a mixture of spindle cells, epithelial cells, mature adipose tissue, and lymphocytes. The histogenesis of this tumor is controversial.

c-Met expression as an indicator of survival outcome in patients with oral tongue carcinoma.

Background: Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) can promote proliferation, invasion, and angiogenesis in various tumor cells. However, the prognosis according to expression of HGF/c-Met has not been reported in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the oral tongue (SCCOT).

Methods: Tumors from 61 patients with SCCOT were evaluated for the expression of HGF and c-Met by immunohistochemistry.

Macroscopic single-walled-carbon-nanotube fiber self-assembled by dip-coating method.

Pure macroscopic single-walled-carbon-nanotube (SWNT) fibers are fabricated by using a dip-coating method without any additive or additional electrical equipment or complex apparatus. The present method only utilizes microfluidics, which includes capillary condensation, capillary flow, and surface tension, and results in the self-assembly and self-alignment of SWNT colloids.

The dependence of the Schottky barrier height on carbon nanotube diameter for Pd-carbon nanotube contacts.

Direct measurements are presented of the Schottky barrier (SB) heights of carbon nanotube devices contacted with Pd electrodes. The SB barrier heights were determined from the activation energy of the temperature-dependent thermionic emission current in the off-state of the devices. The barrier heights generally decrease with increasing diameter of the nanotubes and they are in agreement with the values expected when assuming little or no influence of Fermi level pinning.

Outcome of endoscopic management of extensive laryngotracheal stenosis.

Objectives: When performing endotracheal intubation or tracheotomy in unconscious patients in emergent situations, one should consider the possibility of the later complication of laryngotracheal stenosis, which can result in difficulties with decannulation. We analyzed the clinical features of laryngotracheal stenosis to search for its possible etiologic factors and its proper preventive methods.

Methods: The medical records of 249 cases of laryngotracheal stenosis out of 2,208 patients who underwent tracheotomy in our hospital during the past 12 years were retrospectively reviewed regarding several parameters, such as the duration of endotracheal intubation, site of tracheostoma, site of stenosis, treatment method, and so forth.

Mucosal melanoma arising in the eustachian tube.

Mucosal melanoma is a very rare disease. Most cases have their origins in the head and neck region. To date,only three cases of melanoma originating from the eustachian tube have been reported.