Physiological and metabolic analyses reveal the proline-mediated flowering delay mechanism in .

Peaches are susceptible to various environmental stresses. Particularly in late spring, freezing temperatures can damage peaches and consequently, affect their productivity. Therefore, flowering delay is a prominent strategy for avoiding spring frost damage.

Freezing Tolerance Enhancement and Thermographic Observation of Whole Peach Trees Applied with Cellulose Nanocrystals under Realistic Spring Frost Conditions Using a Soil-Fruit-Daylit-System.

Due to recent abnormal weather caused by global warming, peach flowering has gradually accelerated, and spring frost damage caused by premature de-acclimation has increased. In this study, under a simulated spring frost environment using a Soil-Fruit-Daylit-System (SFDS) chamber, we investigated whether treatment with 2% cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) could enhance the freezing tolerance of the flower buds from 2-year-old whole peach trees. Visual changes in the ice propagation were observed using an infrared camera at the same time.

Apple phenology occurs earlier across South Korea with higher temperatures and increased precipitation.

This study examined relationships between temperature, precipitation, geo-topography, and the spring phenology of Fuji and Hongro apple cultivars along spatial gradients across South Korea. Phenology data was gathered from 2011 to 2014 in 42 uniformly managed research orchards which span a range in climate, latitude, and elevation. We used linear models and spatially explicit forecasts to study apple phenology under climate change scenarios.