Clinical Characteristics and Treatment Outcomes of Spinal Arteriovenous Malformations.

Purpose: Spinal arteriovenous malformations (SAVMs) are rare events. This study evaluated initial clinical presentations and treatment outcomes of SAVMs.

Methods: In this study, 91 consecutive patients with SAVM between January 1993 and November 2014 were evaluated.

Does a Low-wall Coverage Stent Have a Flow Diverting Effect in Small Aneurysms?

Backbround And Purpose: The flow diverting effect of a low-wall coverage stent remains controversial. We evaluted patients who underwent stenting for small aneurysms with a low but potential risk of growth and reviewed related literature.

Materials And Methods: We evaluated 9 small aneurysms among 19 unruptured intracranial aneurysms from eight patients who underwent stenting.

A Study Design to Evaluate Association between Smoking and Intracranial Atherosclerotic Stenosis.

Purpose: Smoking is a well known risk factor for stroke. The cerebral arteries may be uniquely susceptible to the atherosclerotic effects of smoking, such that it has a different risk profile for stroke compared with other atherosclerosis risk factors. It remains uncertain whether smoking is associated specifically with intracranial (IC) or extracranial (EC) atherosclerotic cerebrovascular disease.

Anesthetic consideration for neurointerventional procedures.

Interventional neuroradiology (INR) has been a rapidly expanding and advancing clinical area during the past few decades. As the complexity and diversity of INR procedures increases, the demand for anesthesia also increases. Anesthesia for interventional neuroradiology is a challenge for the anesthesiologist due to the unfamiliar working environment which the anesthesiologist must consider, as well as the unique neuro-interventional components.

Field modulation in Na-incorporated Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) polycrystalline films influenced by alloy-hardening and pair-annihilation probabilities.

The influence of Na on Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) solar cells was investigated. A gradient profile of the Na in the CIGS absorber layer can induce an electric field modulation and significantly strengthen the back surface field effect. This field modulation originates from a grain growth model introduced by a combination of alloy-hardening and pair-annihilation probabilities, wherein the Cu supply and Na diffusion together screen the driving force of the grain boundary motion (GBM) by alloy hardening, which indicates a specific GBM pinning by Cu and Na.

Toxicometabolomics approach to urinary biomarkers for mercuric chloride (HgCl₂)-induced nephrotoxicity using proton nuclear magnetic resonance (¹H NMR) in rats.

The primary objective of this study was to determine and characterize surrogate biomarkers that can predict nephrotoxicity induced by mercuric chloride (HgCl₂) using urinary proton nuclear magnetic resonance (¹H NMR) spectral data. A procedure for (1)H NMR urinalysis using pattern recognition was proposed to evaluate nephrotoxicity induced by HgCl₂ in Sprague-Dawley rats. HgCl₂ at 0.

Metabolomics approach to risk assessment: methoxyclor exposure in rats.

The primary objective of this study was to develop exposure biomarkers that "correlate with the endocrine-disrupting effects induced by methoxyclor (MTC), an organochlorine pesticide, using" urinary (1)H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectral data. Exposure biomarkers play an important role in risk assessment. MTC is an environmental endocrine disruptor with estrogenic, anti-estrogenic, and anti-androgenic properties.