Proteomic profiling of cerebrospinal fluid reveals TKT as a potential biomarker for medulloblastoma.

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) plays an important role in brain tumors, including medulloblastoma (MBL). Recent advancements in mass spectrometry systems and 'Omics' data analysis methods enable unbiased, high proteome depth research. We conducted proteomic profiling of the total CSF in MBL patients with the purpose of finding a potential diagnostic biomarker for MBL.

Inhibition of BCAT1-mediated cytosolic leucine metabolism regulates Th17 responses via the mTORC1-HIF1α pathway.

Branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs), particularly leucine, are indispensable AAs for immune regulation through metabolic rewiring. However, the molecular mechanism underlying this phenomenon remains unclear. Our investigation revealed that T-cell receptor (TCR)-activated human CD4 T cells increase the expression of BCAT1, a cytosolic enzyme responsible for BCAA catabolism, and SLC7A5, a major BCAA transporter.

Comprehensive multiomics analysis reveals distinct differences between pediatric choroid plexus papilloma and carcinoma.

Choroid plexus tumors (CPTs) are intraventricular tumors derived from the choroid plexus epithelium and occur frequently in children. The aim of this study was to investigate the genomic and epigenomic characteristics of CPT and identify the differences between choroid plexus papilloma (CPP) and choroid plexus carcinoma (CPC). We conducted multiomics analyses of 20 CPT patients including CPP and CPC.

Clinical Significance of MicroRNAs, Long Non-Coding RNAs, and CircRNAs in Cardiovascular Diseases.

Based on recent research, the non-coding genome is essential for controlling genes and genetic programming during development, as well as for health and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). The microRNAs (miRNAs), lncRNAs (long ncRNAs), and circRNAs (circular RNAs) with significant regulatory and structural roles make up approximately 99% of the human genome, which does not contain proteins. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNA) have been discovered to be essential novel regulators of cardiovascular risk factors and cellular processes, making them significant prospects for advanced diagnostics and prognosis evaluation.

Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor 2A is a Key Regulator of Cell Cycle Arrest and Senescence in Endothelial Colony-Forming Cells in Moyamoya Disease.

Objective: Endothelial colony-forming cells (ECFCs) have been reported to play an important role in the pathogenesis of moyamoya disease (MMD). We have previously observed stagnant growth in MMD ECFCs with functional impairment of tubule formation. We aimed to verify the key regulators and related signaling pathways involved in the functional defects of MMD ECFCs.

Anti-thymocyte globulin-mediated immunosenescent alterations of T cells in kidney transplant patients.

Objectives: Kidney transplant (KT) is the most effective treatment for end-stage renal disease. The immunosuppressant anti-thymocyte globulin (ATG) has been applied for induction therapy to reduce the risk of acute transplant rejection for patients at high immunological risk. Despite its putative role in replicative stress during immune reconstitution, the effects of ATG on T-cell immunosenescent changes remain to be understood.

Molecular subgrouping of medulloblastoma in pediatric population using the NanoString assay and comparison with immunohistochemistry methods.

Purpose: Molecular subgrouping of medulloblastoma has become important due to its impact on risk group stratification. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) has been widely used but it has innate limitations. The NanoString assay has been proposed as an alternative method.

Bioactive Nonthermal Biocompatible Plasma Enhances Migration on Human Gingival Fibroblasts.

This study hypothesizes that the application of low-dose nonthermal biocompatible dielectric barrier discharge plasma (DBD-NBP) to human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) will inhibit colony formation but not cell death and induce matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) expression, extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation, and subsequent cell migration, which can result in enhanced wound healing. HGFs treated with plasma for 3 min migrate to each other across the gap faster than those in the control and 5-min treatment groups on days 1 and 3. The plasma-treated HGFs show significantly high expression levels of the cell cycle arrest-related p21 gene and enhanced MMP activity.

Development of Alectinib-Suspended SNEDDS for Enhanced Solubility and Dissolution.

Alectinib hydrochloride (ALH), a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, is a practically water-insoluble drug classified as BCS class IV. The present study aimed to develop novel suspended self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (Su-SNEDDS) to enhance the solubility and dissolution rate. The Su-SNEDDS was prepared by saturation and suspension of ALH in SNEDDS with ultrasonication energy.

The telomere maintenance mechanism spectrum and its dynamics in gliomas.

Background: The activation of the telomere maintenance mechanism (TMM) is one of the critical drivers of cancer cell immortality. In gliomas, TERT expression and TERT promoter mutation are considered to reliably indicate telomerase activation, while ATRX mutation and/or loss indicates an alternative lengthening of telomeres (ALT). However, these relationships have not been extensively validated in tumor tissues.

Therapeutic Application of Metal-Organic Frameworks Composed of Copper, Cobalt, and Zinc: Their Anticancer Activity and Mechanism.

Effective penetration into cells, or binding to cell membranes is an essential property of an effective nanoparticle drug delivery system (DDS). Nanoparticles are generally internalized through active transport mechanisms such as apoptosis, and cargo can be released directly into the cytoplasm. A metal-organic framework (MOF) is a network structure consisting of metal clusters connected by organic linkers with high porosity; MOFs provide a desirable combination of structural features that can be adjusted with large cargo payloads, along with Cu, Co, and Zn-MOFs, which have the chemical stability required for water-soluble use.

Experimental Assessment of Leptomeningeal Metastasis Diagnosis in Medulloblastoma Using Cerebrospinal Fluid Metabolomic Profiles.

Diagnosing leptomeningeal metastasis (LM) in medulloblastoma is currently based on positive cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cytology or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) finding. However, the relevance of discordant results has not been established. We evaluated the diagnostic potential of CSF metabolomic profiles in the medulloblastoma LM assessment.

Improvement of Cell Growth of Uterosacral Ligament Fibroblast Derived from Pelvic Organ Prolapse Patients by Cold Atmospheric Plasma Treated Liquid.

Pelvic organ prolapse (POP) is a chronic disorder that affects quality of life in women. Several POP treatments may be accompanied by abrasion, constant infection, and severe pain. Therefore, new treatment methods and improvements in current treatments for POP are required.

Combination Treatment of CI-994 With Etoposide Potentiates Anticancer Effects Through a Topoisomerase II-Dependent Mechanism in Atypical Teratoid/Rhabdoid Tumor (AT/RT).

Purpose: Atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor (AT/RT) is arising typically in young children and is associated with a dismal prognosis which there is currently no curative chemotherapeutic regimen. Based on previous studies showing high histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) expression in AT/RT, the HDAC1 inhibitor CI-994 was used as a novel treatment strategy in this study. We assessed the anticancer effects of CI-994 and conventional drugs (etoposide, cisplatin or 4-HC) in AT/RT cells.

Clitoromegaly, Vulvovaginal Hemangioma Mimicking Pelvic Organ Prolapse, and Heavy Menstrual Bleeding: Gynecologic Manifestations of Klippel-Trénaunay Syndrome.

Klippel-Trénaunay Syndrome (KTS) is a genetic vascular malformation involving the capillary, lymphatic, and venous channels. Prenatal sonographic diagnosis of KTS with an enlarged fetal limb is well-known; however, postnatal gynecologic manifestations are rarely reported. KTS can cause clitoromegaly, vulvovaginal hemangioma, and heavy menstrual bleeding.

Screening of Electrolyte Complexes Formed Between Dextran Sulfate and Amine Structures of Small-Molecule Drugs.

Formation of an electrolyte complex using the electrostatic interactions between a polyanionic polymer and a cationic drug is a simple and efficient method of preparing a colloidal drug carrier system. Dextran sulfate, with a negatively charged sulfate group, was reacted in an acetate buffer solution of pH 3 with positively charged 1° amine, 2° amine, 3° amine, piperazine, and piperidine structures from 24 small-molecule drugs. The electrolyte complex was formed from 15 drugs, 63% of those tested.

Extracellular vesicle-associated miR-135b and -135a regulate stemness in Group 4 medulloblastoma cells by targeting angiomotin-like 2.

Background: Extracellular vesicles (EVs) secreted by tumours, including exosomes, are important factors that regulate cell-cell interactions in oncogenesis. Although EV studies are ongoing, the biological understanding of EV-miRNAs derived from brain tumour spheroid-forming cells (BTSCs) of medulloblastoma is poor.

Purposes: We explored the specific cellular miRNAs and EV-miRNAs in medulloblastoma BTSCs to determine their potential biological function.

Disulfiram potentiates the anticancer effect of cisplatin in atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumors (AT/RT).

Atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor (AT/RT) is the most malignant tumor of the central nervous system that generally occurs in young children. Despite the use of intensive multimodal therapy for AT/RT, the prognosis is still poor. The brain tumor initiating cells in AT/RT cells has been suggested as one of the challenges in AT/RT treatment.

Non-Thermal Atmospheric Pressure Bio-Compatible Plasma Stimulates Apoptosis via p38/MAPK Mechanism in U87 Malignant Glioblastoma.

Nonthermal plasma is a promising novel therapy for the alteration of biological and clinical functions of cells and tissues, including apoptosis and inhibition of tumor progression. This therapy generates reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS), which play a major role in anticancer effects. Previous research has verified that plasma jets can selectively induce apoptosis in various cancer cells, suggesting that it could be a potentially effective novel therapy in combination with or as an alternative to conventional therapeutic methods.

NPM1 as a potential therapeutic target for atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumors.

Background: Atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumors (AT/RTs) are highly malignant brain tumors with inactivation of the SMARCB1 gene, which play a critical role in genomic transcriptional control. In this study, we analyzed the genomic and transcriptomic profiles of human AT/RTs to discover new druggable targets.

Methods: Multiplanar sequencing analyses, including whole exome sequencing (WES), single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) arrays, array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH), and whole transcriptome sequencing (RNA-Seq), were performed on 4 AT/RT tissues.

Subgroup-specific prognostic signaling and metabolic pathways in pediatric medulloblastoma.

Background: Using a pathway-focused approach, we aimed to provide a subgroup-specific basis for finding novel therapeutic strategies and further refinement of the risk stratification in pediatric medulloblastoma.

Method: Based on genome-wide Cox regression and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis, we investigated prognosis-related signaling pathways and core genes in pediatric medulloblastoma subgroups using 530 patient data from Medulloblastoma Advanced Genomic International Consortium (MAGIC) project. We further examined the relationship between expression of the prognostic core genes and frequent chromosome aberrations using broad range copy number change data.