Pitfalls in interpreting calibration in comparative evaluations of risk models for precision lung cancer screening.

Lung cancer screening by low-dose computed tomography reduces lung cancer mortality, but reliable risk-based selection of participants is crucial to maximize benefits and minimize harms. Multiple risk models have been developed for this purpose, and their discrimination and calibration performance is commonly evaluated based on large-scale cohort studies. Using a recent comparative evaluation of 10 risk models as an example, we illustrate the merits, limitations and pitfalls of such evaluations.

Risk-Adapted Starting Ages of Colorectal Cancer Screening for People With Diabetes or Metabolic Syndrome.

Background: Individuals with diabetes and metabolic syndrome have an increased risk of colorectal cancer (CRC), suggesting earlier screening than the average-risk population may be warranted.

Aims: To derive risk-adapted starting ages of CRC screening for people with diabetes or metabolic syndrome.

Methods: We determined 5-year cumulative risks of CRC at individual ages between 30 and 50 across Europe (overall and individually for Germany, France, the UK and Italy) and North America (the United States and Canada) based on the GLOBOCAN 2022 database.

Red and Processed Meat Intake, Polygenic Risk and the Prevalence of Colorectal Neoplasms: Results from a Screening Colonoscopy Population.

High red and processed meat intake and genetic predisposition are risk factors of colorectal cancer (CRC). However, evidence of their independent and joint associations on the risk of colorectal neoplasms is limited. We assessed these associations among 4774 men and women undergoing screening colonoscopy.

Excess Weight, Polygenic Risk Score, and Findings of Colorectal Neoplasms at Screening Colonoscopy.

Introduction: Excess weight is an established risk factor of colorectal cancer (CRC). However, evidence is lacking on how its impact varies by polygenic risk at different stages of colorectal carcinogenesis.

Methods: We assessed the individual and joint associations of body mass index (BMI) and polygenic risk scores (PRSs) with findings of colorectal neoplasms among 4,784 participants of screening colonoscopy.

German translation of the PROMIS pediatric anxiety, anger, depressive symptoms, fatigue, pain interference and peer relationships item banks.

Background: The present study aimed at the translation and cross-cultural adaptation of six PROMIS pediatric self- and proxy- item banks and short forms to universal German: anxiety (ANX), anger (ANG), depressive symptoms (DEP), Fatigue (FAT), pain interference (P) and peer relationships (PR).

Methods: Using standardized methodology approved by the PROMIS Statistical Center and in line with recommendations of the International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research (ISPOR) PRO Translation Task Force, two translators for each German-speaking country (Germany, Austria, and Switzerland) commented on and rated the translation difficulty and provided forward translations, followed by a review and reconciliation phase. An independent translator performed back translations, which were reviewed and harmonized.

Pathways of Parental Education on Children's and Adolescent's Body Mass Index: The Mediating Roles of Behavioral and Psychological Factors.

Aim: The increasing body mass index (BMI) often followed by overweight and obesity is a global health problem of the 21st century. Children and adolescents with lower socioeconomic status are more affected than their counterparts. The mechanisms behind these differences must be well understood to develop effective prevention strategies.