Expanded indication for EUS-guided radiofrequency ablation: management of adrenal tumors.

Background And Aims: EUS-guided radiofrequency ablation (EUS-RFA) has been performed as an alternative to surgery for the treatment of pancreatic tumors. The promising results obtained using this procedure suggest that the indication for EUS-RFA could be expanded to the management of extrapancreatic tumors. Here, we evaluate the feasibility, efficacy, and safety of EUS-RFA in the treatment of left adrenal tumors.

Mixture of Phlorotannin and Fucoidan from Prevents the Aβ-Induced Cognitive Decline with Mitochondrial and Cholinergic Activation.

The anti-amnesic effect of a mixture (4:6 = phlorotannin:fucoidan from , P4F6) was evaluated on amyloid-beta peptide (Aβ)-induced cognitive deficit mice. The cognitive function was examined by Y-maze, passive avoidance, and Morris water maze tests, and the intake of the mixture (P4F6) showed an ameliorating effect on Aβ-induced learning and memory impairment. After the behavioral tests, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) contents were confirmed in brain tissue, and in the results, the mixture (P4F6) attenuated Aβ-induced oxidative stress.

Immature Persimmon Suppresses Amyloid Beta (Aβ) Mediated Cognitive Dysfunction via Tau Pathology in ICR Mice.

This study confirmed the ameliorating effect of immature persimmon () ethanolic extract (IPEE) on neuronal cytotoxicity in amyloid beta (Aβ)-induced ICR mice. The administration of IPEE ameliorated the cognitive dysfunction in Aβ-induced mice by improving the spatial working memory, the short-term and long-term memory functions. IPEE protected the cerebral cholinergic system, such as the acetylcholine (ACh) level and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, and antioxidant system, such as the superoxide dismutase (SOD), reduced glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents.

Sprout as a Natural Antioxidant: Ameliorating Effect on Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Cognitive Impairment.

Here, we investigated the prebiotic and antioxidant effects of sprout water extract (AASWE) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced cognitive deficit mice. AASWE increased viable cell count, titratable acidity, and acetic acid production in strain and showed a cytoprotective effect on LPS-induced inflammation in HT-29 cells. We assessed the behavior of LPSinduced cognitive deficit mice using Y-maze, passive avoidance and Morris water maze tests and found that administration of AASWE significantly improved learning and memory function.

Anti-Melanogenic Effect of Ethanolic Extract of on IBMX-Induced Melanogenesis in B16/F10 Melanoma Cells.

To evaluate possibility as a skin whitening agent of (), its antioxidant activity and anti-melanogenic effect on 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX)-induced melanogenesis in B16/F10 melanoma cells were investigated. The result of total phenolic contents (TPC) indicated that 60% ethanol extract of (ESB) has the highest contents than other ethanol extracts. Antioxidant activity was evaluated using the 2,2'-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazolin-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS)/1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activities and malondialdehyde (MDA) inhibitory effect.

Fucoidan-Rich Substances from Improve Trimethyltin-Induced Cognitive Dysfunction via Down-Regulation of Amyloid β Production/Tau Hyperphosphorylation.

() was investigated to compare the effect of polyphenol and fucoidan extract and mixture (polyphenol:fucoidan = 4:6) on cognitive function. The ameliorating effect of was evaluated using the Y-maze, passive avoidance and Morris water maze tests with a trimethyltin (TMT)-induced cognitive dysfunction model, and the results showed that the fucoidan extract and mixture (4:6) had relatively higher learning and memory function effects than the polyphenol extract. After a behavioral test, the inhibitory effect of lipid peroxidation and cholinergic system activity were examined in mouse brain tissue, and the fucoidan extract and mixture (4:6) also showed greater improvements than the polyphenol extract.

4,5-dicaffeyolquinic acid improves high-fat diet-induced cognitive dysfunction through the regulation of insulin degrading enzyme.

This study was performed to investigate the effects of Artemisia argyi and 4,5-dicaffeyolquinic acid (4,5-diCQA) as a main compound of ethyl acetate fraction from Artemisia argyi (EFAA) on high-fat diet (HFD)-induced cognitive dysfunction. Both EFAA and 4,5-diCQA were effective in improving cognitive function on HFD-induced cognitive dysfunction. In brain tissue analysis, it was confirmed that EFAA and 4,5-diCQA inhibited the reduction of neurotransmitters as well as oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction.

Effect of var. Extract on Neurodegeneration Improvement: Ameliorating Role in Cognitive Disorder Caused by High-Fat Diet Induced Obesity.

This study was performed to estimate the possibility of using an ethyl acetate fraction from var. (EFAD) on metabolic syndrome that is induced by a high-fat diet (HFD). It was demonstrated that EFAD suppresses lipid accumulation and improves insulin resistance (IR) caused by Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) in experiments using the 3T3-L1 cell.

Chronic Alcohol Exposure Induced Neuroapoptosis: Diminishing Effect of Ethyl Acetate Fraction from .

An ethyl acetate fraction from (AEEF) was investigated to confirm its neuronal cell protective effect on ethanol-induced cytotoxicity in MC-IXC cells and its ameliorating effect on neurodegeneration in chronic alcohol-induced mice. The neuroprotective effect was examined by methylthiazolyldiphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) and 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCF-DA) assays. As a result, AEEF reduced alcohol-induced cytotoxicity and oxidative stress.

Green Tea Seed Oil Suppressed Aβ-Induced Behavioral and Cognitive Deficit via the Aβ-Related Akt Pathway.

The aim of this study was to investigate the availability of seeds, one of the byproducts of green tea, and evaluate the physiological activity of seed oil. The ameliorating effect of green tea seed oil (GTO) was evaluated on H₂O₂-induced PC12 cells and amyloid beta (Aβ)-induced ICR mice. GTO showed improvement of cell viability and reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in H₂O₂-induced PC12 cells by conducting the 2',3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) and 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCF-DA) analysis.

Ethyl Acetate Fraction from Persimmon () Ameliorates Cerebral Neuronal Loss and Cognitive Deficit via the JNK/Akt Pathway in TMT-Induced Mice.

This study was conducted to assess the antioxidant capacity and protective effect of the ethyl acetate fraction from persimmon () (EFDK) on H₂O₂-induced hippocampal HT22 cells and trimethyltin chloride (TMT)-induced Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) mice. EFDK had high antioxidant activities and neuroprotective effects in HT22 cells. EFDK ameliorated behavioral and memory deficits in Y-maze, passive avoidance and Morris water maze tests.