Metals, nonmetals and metalloids in cigarette smoke as hazardous compounds for human health.

Cigarette smoke contains many chemicals that are harmful to both smokers and non-smokers. Breathing just a little cigarette smoke can be harmful. There are >7000 chemicals in cigarette smoke, at least 250 are known to be harmful and many of them can cause cancer.

PM spatial distribution and metals speciation study in the Bilbao metropolitan area during the 2017-2018 period.

Speciation of respirable particles is becoming increasingly important from an epidemiological and analytical point of view to determine the potential effects of air pollution on human health. For this reason, current laws and analytical sampling methods focus on particle size, as it turns out to be the main factor for the greater or lesser penetration into the airways. In this sense, particles of less than 10 μm in diameter (<10 μm), referred to as PM, are the particles that have a higher capacity for access to the respiratory tract and, therefore, more significant effect on them.

Packaging to prolong shelf life of preservative-free white bread.

This research studied various types of packaging to prolong the shelf life of non-preservative white bread. Three types of blown film packages were used, i.e.