The effects of toe grip training on physical performance and cognitive function of nursing home residents.

Background: Toe grip-related training requires individuals to actively exercise muscles that are not frequently used; therefore, it may improve not only toe grip strength but also cognitive function. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of toe grip-related training on predictors of physical performance and cognitive function in nursing home residents.

Methods: A total of 35 nursing home residents (35 left and 35 right feet; mean age, 82.

Deuterium oxide protects against myocardial injury induced by ischemia and reperfusion in rats.

. Although deuterium oxide (DO) has preservative property on the extracted organ, whether DO also protects the in situ myocardial injury remains unknown. Using cardiac microdialysis, local administration of DO through dialysis probe was applied in situ rat heart.

Genomic landscape of ductal carcinoma in situ and association with progression.

Purpose: The detection rate of breast ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) has increased significantly, raising the concern that DCIS is overdiagnosed and overtreated. Therefore, there is an unmet clinical need to better predict the risk of progression among DCIS patients. Our hypothesis is that by combining molecular signatures with clinicopathologic features, we can elucidate the biology of breast cancer progression, and risk-stratify patients with DCIS.

Association between bovine leukemia virus proviral load and severity of clinical mastitis.

The purpose of this study was to clarify the effect of Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) infection on natural immunity in the bovine mammary gland and on the severity of clinical mastitis. We classified milk samples from clinical mastitic cows into BLV-positive (n=76) and BLV-negative (n=12). BLV-positive cows were further divided into cows with High BLV proviral load (H-PVL) (n=23) and Low BLV proviral load (L-PVL) (n=53).

Safety and efficacy of cabazitaxel in 660 patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer in real-world settings: results of a Japanese post-marketing surveillance study.

Objective: To evaluate the real-world safety and efficacy of cabazitaxel in Japanese patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) previously treated with a docetaxel-containing regimen.

Methods: This prospective multicenter observational study registered all patients with mCRPC treated with cabazitaxel following its launch in Japan in September 2014. Patient enrollment continued until at least 500 patients were enrolled.

Short progression-free survival of ALK inhibitors sensitive to secondary mutations in ALK-positive NSCLC patients.

Background: Most non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients relapse on anaplastic lymphoma kinase-tyrosine kinase inhibitor (ALK-TKI) therapy because of acquired resistance. Rebiopsy is recommended to provide optimal therapy after relapse for some ALK-TKI therapies; however, little clinical data exists on the clinical efficacy of ALK-TKI tailored to secondary mutation.

Methods: A retrospective study was conducted to analyze the patterns of ALK-TKI treatment and clinical outcomes, including progression free survival (PFS), of ALK-positive NSCLC patients who received rebiopsy.

PSA Testing Use and Prostate Cancer Diagnostic Stage After the 2012 U.S. Preventive Services Task Force Guideline Changes.

Background: Most patients with prostate cancer are diagnosed with low-grade, localized disease and may not require definitive treatment. In 2012, the U.S.

Adding Social Determinants in the Electronic Health Record in Clinical Care in Hawai'i: Supporting Community-Clinical Linkages in Patient Care.

Social and behavioral determinants of health, such as poverty, homelessness, and limited social support, account for an estimated 40% of health burdens and predict critical health outcomes. Many clinical-community linkages specifically focus on addressing such challenges. Given its distinctive history, culture, and location, Hawai'i has unique social factors impacting population health.

Skin Carotenoid Index in a large Japanese population sample.

Carotenoids are anti-oxidative agents. Human skin and eyes contain specific carotenoid species known to prevent various pathologies caused by oxidative stress. We quantified skin and eye carotenoid levels and investigated their potential correlation in a population including 985 Japanese patients and staff members of an ophthalmology clinic (577 men, 408 women, mean age of 69.

The Influence of Clinical T Factor on Predicting Pathologic N Factor in Resected Lung Cancer.

Background: We investigated the utility of the clinical T factor of the 8th edition of the TNM classification, which newly defines the consolidation size of the tumor, as a valuable predictor of pathologic lymph node metastasis (pN+) and the prognosis.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 825 patients with surgically resected cN0 M0 non-small cell lung cancer of any T stage, focusing on the tumor's total size (7th edition) and consolidation size (8th edition) and examined pN+ and the prognosis.

Results: No pN+ cases in the 7th or 8th edition groups had a tumor size of less than 1 cm, and in those sized 1 to 3 cm, the frequency of pN+ in the 7th and 8th edition groups was 10.

Randomized phase II study of pemetrexed or pemetrexed plus bevacizumab for elderly patients with previously untreated non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer: Results of the Lung Oncology Group in Kyushu (LOGIK1201).

Objectives: To evaluate the efficacy and safety, we conducted a randomized phase II study of pemetrexed (Pem) versus Pem + bevacizumab (Bev) for elderly patients with non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer (NSqNSCLC).

Patients And Methods: The eligibility criteria were as follows: NSqNSCLC, no prior therapy, stage IIIB/IV disease or postoperative recurrence, age: ≥75 years, performance status (PS): 0-1, and adequate bone marrow function. The patients were randomly assigned (1:1 ratio) to receive Pem or Pem + Bev.

The Association of Black Cardiologists (ABC) Cardiovascular Implementation Study (CVIS): A Research Registry Integrating Social Determinants to Support Care for Underserved Patients.

African Americans, other minorities and underserved populations are consistently under- represented in clinical trials. Such underrepresentation results in a gap in the evidence base, and health disparities. The ABC Cardiovascular Implementation Study (CVIS) is a comprehensive prospective cohort registry that integrates social determinants of health.

Weakly supervised natural language processing for assessing patient-centered outcome following prostate cancer treatment.

Background: The population-based assessment of patient-centered outcomes (PCOs) has been limited by the efficient and accurate collection of these data. Natural language processing (NLP) pipelines can determine whether a clinical note within an electronic medical record contains evidence on these data. We present and demonstrate the accuracy of an NLP pipeline that targets to assess the presence, absence, or risk discussion of two important PCOs following prostate cancer treatment: urinary incontinence (UI) and bowel dysfunction (BD).

Single-arm, multicentre, phase II trial of nivolumab for unresectable or recurrent thymic carcinoma: PRIMER study.

Introduction: Thymic carcinoma (TC) is a rare cancer with a poor prognosis and limited treatment options, especially after relapse.

Methods: In this open-label, two-stage, multicentre, single-arm and phase II trial, the main eligibility criteria were unresectable or recurrent TC, an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group-performance status of 0 or 1, progression after at least one chemo(radio)therapy and no history of autoimmune disease. Nivolumab was administered at a dose of 3 mg/kg every 2 weeks.

Integrating Adjuvant Analgesics into Perioperative Pain Practice: Results from an Academic Medical Center.

Background: Opioid-sparing postoperative pain management therapies are important considering the opioid epidemic. Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is a common and painful procedure accounting for a large number of opioid prescriptions. Adjuvant analgesics, nonopioid drugs with primary indications other than pain, have shown beneficial pain management and opioid-sparing effects following TKA in clinical trials.

Real-World Experiences with Pazopanib in Patients with Advanced Soft Tissue and Bone Sarcoma in Northern California.

Pazopanib was approved for advanced soft tissue sarcoma as a second- or third-line therapy based on the clinical trial "Pazopanib for metastatic soft-tissue sarcoma" (PALETTE). We hypothesized that the real-world experiences may be significantly different from the clinical trial results. We analyzed the response pattern of patients with advanced soft tissue and bone sarcoma who received pazopanib treatment between 1 January 2011 and 31 October 2018 in Kaiser Permanente Northern California.

Insights in Public Health: ("Working Together for the Health of Hana"): Our 14-year CBPR Journey.

There are substantial and persistent health disparities among Native Hawaiians that are best addressed through multilevel socio-ecological approaches, which are tailored to the needs of the community. Partnerships that link academic investigators with grass roots community members have the potential to profoundly reduce health disparities and improve health and wellness by increasing the capacity of community-based organizations to provide leadership in health advocacy, support community health promotion, and participate in health research. We describe a 14-year partnership to reduce Native Hawaiian health disparities between investigators from The Queen's Medical Center and University of Hawai'i John A.

Japanese subgroup analysis of a phase III study of S-1 versus docetaxel in non-small cell lung cancer patients after platinum-based treatment: EAST-LC.

Introduction: The East Asia S-1 Trial in Lung Cancer (EAST-LC) was a randomized phase III study conducted in East Asia that demonstrated the non-inferiority of S-1 to docetaxel in previously treated patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Here, we reported the results of the Japanese subgroup treated with docetaxel 60 mg/m, the standard dosage in Japan.

Patients And Methods: Patients were randomized 1:1 to receive either S-1 or docetaxel.

Lorlatinib for the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer.

Lorlatinib is a novel third-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) which targets anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) as well as receptor tyrosine kinase c-ros oncogene 1 (ROS1). A critical limitation of conventional ALK/ROS TKIs is their association with acquired resistance mutations (particularly ALK G1202R and ROS1 G2032R) in the ALK or ROS1 gene, although these are not the only resistance mechanisms. Another limitation of this class of drugs is their inadequate efficacy against central nervous system metastasis, likely attributable to the blood-brain barrier (BBB).

Identification of Verapamil Binding Sites Within Human Kv1.5 Channel Using Mutagenesis and Docking Simulation.

Background/aims: The phenylalkylamine class of L-type Ca channel antagonist verapamil prolongs the effective refractory period (ERP) of human atrium, which appears to contribute to the efficacy of verapamil in preventing reentrant-based atrial arrhythmias including atrial fibrillation. This study was designed to investigate the molecular and electrophysiological mechanism underlying the action of verapamil on human Kv1.5 (hKv1.

Developing a Training Program to Diversify the Biomedical Research Workforce.

The National Institutes of Health has made considerable investments to diversify the biomedical research workforce. Towards this goal, the authors partnered with representatives from several minority-serving institutions (MSIs) to develop training for the next generation of researchers. To ensure the most effective training program, the authors conducted a needs assessment with junior and senior investigators from the partnering MSIs.

Phase I dose-escalation study of capmatinib (INC280) in Japanese patients with advanced solid tumors.

Capmatinib is a highly specific, potent and selective MET inhibitor. This was an open-label, multicenter, dose-escalation, phase I study conducted in Japanese patients with advanced solid tumors (not selected based on their MET status). The primary objective was to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and/or highest studied dose being safe.