Prevalence of adverse childhood experiences (ACE) in the Czech Republic.

A cross-sectional survey was undertaken to estimate the prevalence of child maltreatment and adverse childhood experiences in the Czech Republic, as data on these is scarce. The survey was conducted among 1760 randomly selected students from five Czech universities. Participants filled in the adverse childhood experiences survey instrument.

Life course health consequences and associated annual costs of adverse childhood experiences across Europe and North America: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: An increasing number of studies are identifying associations between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and ill health throughout the life course. We aimed to calculate the proportions of major risk factors for and causes of ill health that are attributable to one or multiple types of ACE and the associated financial costs.

Methods: In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched for studies in which risk data in individuals with ACEs were compared with these data in those without ACEs.

Impact of Adverse Childhood Experiences on Alcohol Use in Emerging Adults in Montenegro and Romania.

Background: Aiming at generating evidence for formulating targeted and cost-effective public health interventions for the effective control of alcohol use (AU) in emerging adults in South Eastern Europe. The study's objective was to assess if alcohol users experience adverse childhood experiences (ACE) more often than non-users, and to identify which ACE victims are the most vulnerable to AU.

Methods: The data was collected in 2010-2012 in two cross-sectional studies conducted in university settings in Montenegro and Romania (overall response rate 89.

Child maltreatment prevention: a content analysis of European national policies.

Background: Child maltreatment is a major public health concern, which worsens inequalities and perpetuates social injustice through its far-reaching impacts on the health and development of children affected. The aim of this article was to provide a content analysis of the national policies presently used to address child maltreatment and provide an overview of prevention practices being employed in countries of the World Health Organization (WHO) European Region. This analysis will aid in identifying, which policy areas still require further work to prevent child maltreatment.

The prevalence of elder abuse in institutional settings: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: A recent study has shown that close to one in six older adults have experienced elder abuse in a community setting in the past year. It is thought that abuse in institutions is just as prevalent. Few systematic evidence of the scale of the problem exists in elder care facilities.

The effect of multiple adverse childhood experiences on health: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: A growing body of research identifies the harmful effects that adverse childhood experiences (ACEs; occurring during childhood or adolescence; eg, child maltreatment or exposure to domestic violence) have on health throughout life. Studies have quantified such effects for individual ACEs. However, ACEs frequently co-occur and no synthesis of findings from studies measuring the effect of multiple ACE types has been done.

Worsening Inequalities in Child Injury Deaths in the WHO European Region.

This article compares the mortality data for injuries in children aged 0-14 years in the World Health Organization WHO European region as estimated by the WHO Global Health Estimates for 2000 and 2015. While the region has seen a decline in child mortality due to injuries over the years, inequality persists between the low- and middle-income countries and high-income countries in the region. The gap in child mortality due to unintentional injuries has widened over the years between these two socioeconomic regions, particularly in terms of road injuries.

Growing inequalities in child injury deaths in Europe.

In this short report, we describe and compare mortality data for injuries in children aged <15 years in the WHO European region as estimated by the WHO Global Health Estimates for 2000 and 2011. Child injury deaths have decreased overall. Mortality rate ratios between low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) and high-income countries in the region show an increase in relative inequalities for childhood deaths from unintentional injuries and a narrowing from intentional injury.

Advanced trauma life support training for hospital staff.

Background: Injury is responsible for an increasing global burden of death and disability. As a result, new models of trauma care have been developed. Many of these, though initially developed in high-income countries (HICs), are now being adopted in low and middle-income countries (LMICs).

Advanced training in trauma life support for ambulance crews.

Background: There is an increasing global burden of injury especially in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). To address this, models of trauma care initially developed in high income countries are being adopted in LMIC settings. In particular, ambulance crews with advanced life support (ALS) training are being promoted in LMICs as a strategy for improving outcomes for victims of trauma.

Progress in preventing injuries: a content analysis of national policies in Europe.

The aim of this paper is to provide a content analysis of national policies to address violence and injury prevention in the World Health Organization (WHO) European Region so as to inform where future improvements can be made. Multiple search methods were used to identify national policies for violence and injury prevention. Application of a framework based on a WHO guide was used for policy analysis.

Educational and skills-based interventions for preventing relationship and dating violence in adolescents and young adults.

Background: Educational and skills-based interventions are often used to prevent relationship and dating violence among young people.

Objectives: To assess the efficacy of educational and skills-based interventions designed to prevent relationship and dating violence in adolescents and young adults.

Search Methods: We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, six other databases and a trials register on 7 May 2012.

Systematic review and quality assessment of economic evaluation studies of injury prevention.

Objective: To review and assess the quality of economic evaluation studies on injury prevention measures.

Design: Systematic review.

Data Sources: Electronic databases searched included Medline (Pubmed), EMBASE, Web of Science, PsycINFO, and Safetylit.

Advanced trauma life support training for ambulance crews.

Background: There is an increasing global burden of injury especially in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). To address this, models of trauma care initially developed in high income countries are being adopted in LMIC settings. In particular, ambulance crews with advanced life support (ALS) training are being promoted in LMICs as a strategy for improving outcomes for victims of trauma.

Shaping comprehensive policies for injury prevention in Europe.

Injuries, whether intentional or unintentional, are the third leading cause of death in the WHO European Region and pose a threat to economic and social development. Comprehensive policies for injury prevention are a means of organising the actions of different stakeholders and sectors towards achieving the shared objective of preventing injuries. In Europe, the development of comprehensive national policies is advocated by both the WHO Regional Committee resolution EUR/RC55/R9 and the European Council Recommendation on the prevention of injuries and promotion of safety.

Advanced trauma life support training for hospital staff.

Background: Injury is responsible for an increasing global burden of death and disability. As a result, new models of trauma care have been developed. Many of these, though initially developed in high-income countries (HICs), are now being adopted in low and middle-income countries (LMICs).

Attendance for injury at accident and emergency departments in London: a cross-sectional study.

Objective: In order to set the foundation for the possible development of injury surveillance initiatives in north-west London, data on all presentations during 2002 at the nine accident and emergency departments (AEDs) in the relevant strategic health authority were examined.

Study Design: Descriptive, cross-sectional study.

Methods: A search algorithm was devised to extract records pertaining to injury presentations.

The evolution of unintentional injury mortality among elderly in Europe.

Objective: To compare cause-specific unintentional injury mortality trends among elderly (65+) in the European Union over a 10-year period.

Method: Overall and cause-specific data for 23 out of the 29 EU and European Free Trade Association countries with population >/= 1,000,000 were retrieved from the World Health Organization (WHO), and age-standardized mortality rates for the first and last 3 available years of the study period were calculated. Proportional mortality changes were estimated through linear regression.

Reducing inequalities from injuries in Europe.

Injuries cause 9% of deaths and 14% of ill health in the WHO European Region. This problem is neglected; injuries are often seen as part of everyday life. However, although western Europe has good safety levels, death and disability from injury are rising in eastern Europe.