Pathologic extranodal extension (pENE) impacts treatment planning and is an important prognostic indicator for patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Computed tomography (CT) is a commonly used modality for assessment of radiographic ENE (rENE). To determine the predictive value of CT-identified rENE in predicting pENE, we performed a systematic review through a search of 4 databases (PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane, and OVID).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSulcal hyperintensity on fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) sequence is a frequently encountered finding that could be due to an abnormality of cerebrospinal fluid, a secondary finding related to an intracranial pathologic process, or be artifactual or iatrogenic. Here we present two cases of sulcal FLAIR hyperintensity in the setting of intracranial hypotension after CSF removal for intracranial hypertension.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPartial or complete division of the parietal bones resulting in anomalous cranial sutures is a rare entity and may raise concern for fracture and potential abuse when identified on radiological examination in young children. We present a case of a 4-week-old male found to have anomalous intraparietal sutures originally interpreted as fractures during a comprehensive evaluation for nonaccidental trauma. Our goal is to raise awareness of a complex branching pattern of accessory intraparietal sutures, which has not been previously described.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe gathering of visual information is a complex process that relies on concerted movements of the eyes, and cranial nerves II-VIII are at least partially involved in the visual system. The cranial nerves do not function in isolation, however, and there are multiple higher-order cortical centers that have input into the cranial nerves to coordinate eye movement. Among the functions of the cortical reflex pathways are (a) controlling vertical and horizontal gaze in response to vestibular input to keep the eyes focused on an object as the head moves through space, and (b) controlling rapid, coordinated eye movement to a new visual target (saccades).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground Context: Selective lumbar nerve blocks (SLNBs) are a popular, minimally invasive treatment and diagnostic tool for lumbar radiculopathy. It is therefore relevant to determine the complication rate for SLNBs, as well as examine the association between needle-tip position and complication rates in order to improve safety.
Purpose: The purposes of the present study are to determine the overall rate of immediate, postprocedural complications in a large cohort of patients who received SLNBs and determine if certain needle-tip positions are less likely to cause complications.