Inter-rater and intra-rater reliability of a clinical protocol for measuring turnout in collegiate dancers.

Reliable methods of measuring turnout in dancers and comparing active turnout (used in class) with functional (uncompensated) turnout are needed. Authors have suggested measurement techniques but there is no clinically useful, easily reproducible technique with established inter-rater and intra-rater reliability. We adapted a technique based on previous research, which is easily reproducible.

Spinal cord compression secondary to intrathecal catheter-induced granuloma: a report of four cases.

Objective: The management of nonmalignant pain by morphine pump implantation has become an effective and increasingly frequent strategy of care. We report a rare complication of intrathecal granuloma formation adjacent to the intrathecal catheter tip resulting in spinal cord compression in four patients undergoing intrathecal treatment for chronic pain.

Methods: Four patients presented with chronic back pain and lower extremity pain and weakness and were treated with morphine pump implantation (Fig 1).