A Proteomic Approach Identifies Isoform-Specific and Nucleotide-Dependent RAS Interactions.

Active mutations in the RAS genes are found in ∼30% of human cancers. Although thought to have overlapping functions, RAS isoforms show preferential activation in human tumors, which prompted us to employ a comparative and quantitative proteomics approach to generate isoform-specific and nucleotide-dependent interactomes of the four RAS isoforms, KRAS4A, KRAS4B, HRAS, and NRAS. Many isoform-specific interacting proteins were identified, including HRAS-specific CARM1 and CHK1 and KRAS-specific PIP4K2C and IPO7.

Heterolytic Scission of Hydrogen Within a Crystalline Frustrated Lewis Pair.

We report the heterolysis of molecular hydrogen under ambient conditions by the crystalline frustrated Lewis pair (FLP) 1-{2-[bis(pentafluorophenyl)boryl]phenyl}-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine (KCAT). The gas-solid reaction provides an approach to prepare the solvent-free, polycrystalline ion pair KCATH2 through a single crystal to single crystal transformation. The crystal lattice of KCATH2 increases in size relative to the parent KCAT by approximately 2%.

Activity-Guided Design of HDAC11-Specific Inhibitors.

Mammalian histone deacetylases (HDACs) are a class of enzymes that play important roles in biological pathways. Existing HDAC inhibitors target multiple HDACs without much selectivity. Inhibitors that target one particular HDAC will be useful for investigating the biological functions of HDACs and for developing better therapeutics.

Liposomal bupivacaine reduces opiate consumption after rotator cuff repair in a randomized controlled trial.

Background: Arthroscopic rotator cuff repair (ARCR) provides excellent clinical outcomes but is often associated with significant postoperative pain. The use of intraoperative anesthesia in conjunction with multimodal pharmacologic strategies is a widely accepted approach for managing surgical pain and reducing opiate use. The purpose of this study was to determine whether using a combined field and suprascapular nerve block with liposomal bupivacaine (LB) in addition to an interscalene block would provide greater pain relief and a reduction in opiate consumption compared with an interscalene block alone.

Opiate Pain Medication Consumption in Cigarette Smokers following Total Hip Arthroplasty.

 The purpose of the present study was to assess perception of pain and pain management in smokers versus nonsmokers who received a total hip arthroplasty (THA).  Patients who underwent THA from 2010 to 2016 were propensity score matched 1:1 based on race, body mass index, age, and sex. This yielded 124 smokers and 124 nonsmokers.

Trapping of 18F-Fluciclovine (FACBC) in Superior Sagittal Sinus.

As F-fluciclovine (FACBC) becomes more popular, new incidental findings are discovered. We present here a case of a 71-year-old man with prostate cancer in whom an FACBC PET/CT showed uptake in the superior sagittal sinus, which was found to be simply due to a dilated superior sagittal sinus on subsequent MRI. Accumulation in the superior sagittal sinus is a variant that interpreters of FACBC PET/CT should be aware of.

Multivalent Binding and Biomimetic Cell Rolling Improves the Sensitivity and Specificity of Circulating Tumor Cell Capture.

We aimed to examine the effects of multivalent binding and biomimetic cell rolling on the sensitivity and specificity of circulating tumor cell (CTC) capture. We also investigated the clinical significance of CTCs and their kinetic profiles in patients with cancer undergoing radiotherapy treatment. Patients with histologically confirmed primary carcinoma undergoing radiotherapy, with or without chemotherapy, were eligible for enrollment.

Comparative Nucleotide-Dependent Interactome Analysis Reveals Shared and Differential Properties of KRas4a and KRas4b.

The KRAS gene encodes two isoforms, KRas4a and KRas4b. Differences in the signaling functions of the two KRas proteins are poorly understood. Here we report the comparative and nucleotide-dependent interactomes of KRas4a and KRas4b.

Macroscopic Rotator Cuff Tendinopathy and Histopathology Do Not Predict Repair Outcomes of Rotator Cuff Tears.

Background: Numerous studies have identified factors that may affect the chances of rotator cuff healing after surgery. Intraoperative tendon quality may be used to predict healing and to determine type of repair and/or consideration of augmentation. There are no data that correlate how gross tendon morphology and degree of tendinopathy affect patient outcome or postoperative tendon healing.

Patient-reported quality of life during definitive and postprostatectomy image-guided radiation therapy for prostate cancer.

Purpose: The importance of patient-reported outcomes is well-recognized. Long-term patient-reported symptoms have been described for individuals who completed radiation therapy (RT) for prostate cancer. However, the trajectory of symptom development during the course of treatment has not been well-described in patients receiving modern, image-guided RT.

HDAC8 Catalyzes the Hydrolysis of Long Chain Fatty Acyl Lysine.

The histone deacetylase (HDAC) family regulates many biological pathways through the deacetylation of lysine residues on histone and nonhistone proteins. Mammals have 18 HDACs that are classified into four classes. Class I, II, and IV are zinc-dependent, while class III is nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD)-dependent lysine deacetylase or sirtuins.

Inverse approach to estimating larval dispersal reveals limited population connectivity along 700 km of wave-swept open coast.

Demographic connectivity is fundamental to the persistence and resilience of metapopulations, but our understanding of the link between reproduction and recruitment is notoriously poor in open-coast marine populations. We provide the first evidence of high local retention and limited connectivity among populations spanning 700 km along an open coast in an upwelling system. Using extensive field measurements of fecundity, population size and settlement in concert with a Bayesian inverse modelling approach, we estimated that, on average, Petrolisthes cinctipes larvae disperse only 6.

Results of the 2013-2015 Association of Residents in Radiation Oncology Survey of Chief Residents in the United States.

Purpose: The purpose of this project was to survey radiation oncology chief residents to define their residency experience and readiness for independent practice.

Methods And Materials: During the academic years 2013 to 2014 and 2014 to 2015, the Association of Residents in Radiation Oncology (ARRO) conducted an electronic survey of post-graduate year-5 radiation oncology residents in the United States during the final 3 months of training. Descriptive statistics are reported.

Efficacy of topical benzoyl peroxide on the reduction of Propionibacterium acnes during shoulder surgery.

Background: Propionibacterium acnes infection is a significant problem after shoulder surgery. Residual P. acnes is found on the skin up to 29% of the time immediately after surgical skin preparation and in 70% of dermal biopsy specimens.

Presence of Propionibacterium acnes in primary shoulder arthroscopy: results of aspiration and tissue cultures.

Background: Infection after shoulder surgery has a serious impact on patient outcome and costs associated with care. Propionibacterium acnes infection may be insidious and manifest years after index surgery with resultant joint arthropathy or prosthesis infection. Our goal was to evaluate the presence of P.

Application of human factors analysis and classification system model to event analysis in radiation oncology.

Purpose: To assess the applicability of the human factors analysis and classification system (HFACS) model for analyzing events in a radiation oncology environment by comparing the HFACS analysis results between novices and experts.

Methods And Materials: Four novices (resident physicians, 2-4 postgraduate years) volunteered to participate and were asked to independently perform the HFACS analysis on the selected 30 events. The events were divided into the following 2 sets: (1) the description of events was given in detail (eg, the conditions under which the events occurred including information about root causes of error); (2) the description of events was given without detailed information.

Effect of elevated pCO2 on metabolic responses of porcelain crab (Petrolisthes cinctipes) Larvae exposed to subsequent salinity stress.

Future climate change is predicted to alter the physical characteristics of oceans and estuaries, including pH, temperature, oxygen, and salinity. Investigating how species react to the influence of such multiple stressors is crucial for assessing how future environmental change will alter marine ecosystems. The timing of multiple stressors can also be important, since in some cases stressors arise simultaneously, while in others they occur in rapid succession.

Safety of open suprapectoral and subpectoral biceps tenodesis: an anatomic assessment of risk for neurologic injury.

Background: Surgical techniques for proximal biceps tenodesis that include penetration of the posterior humeral cortex for fixation may pose risk to the surrounding neurovascular structures.

Hypothesis: The risk of neurologic injury with techniques that involve penetration of the posterior humeral cortex for fixation in proximal biceps tenodesis will increase as the tenodesis site moves proximally from the subpectoral to the suprapectoral location.

Methods: Proximal biceps tenodesis was performed on 10 cadaveric upper extremities with 3 separate techniques.

A new substrate for alkaline phosphatase based on quercetin pentaphosphate.

We describe the characterization and application of quercetin pentaphosphate (QPP), a new fluorimetric substrate for the detection of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity. QPP exhibits major absorbance peaks at 260/410 nm and a strong fluorescence at λex/λem = 425/510 nm at alkaline pH. The product of enzymatic reaction between QPP and ALP has a strong absorbance peak at 324 nm with no fluorescence at the investigated wavelengths.

The role of temperature in determining species' vulnerability to ocean acidification: a case study using Mytilus galloprovincialis.

Ocean acidification (OA) is occurring across a backdrop of concurrent environmental changes that may in turn influence species' responses to OA. Temperature affects many fundamental biological processes and governs key reactions in the seawater carbonate system. It therefore has the potential to offset or exacerbate the effects of OA.

Pharmacologic attenuation of the hyperdynamic response to supraceliac aortic clamping.

Background: Aortic occlusion is accompanied by a hyperdynamic cardiovascular response secondary to increased systemic vascular resistance and increased cardiac output. This study was designed primarily to determine the safety and cardiovascular response to hydrogen sulfide (H2S; HS) administration with supraceliac aortic cross-clamp and, secondarily, on short-duration resuscitation.

Methods: A validated porcine model (five sham swine compared with five controls) demonstrated a significant hyperdynamic cardiovascular response to 35% blood volume hemorrhage, 50-minute suprarenal aortic cross-clamping, and 6-hour resuscitation.

Beneficial effects of histone deacetylase inhibition with severe hemorrhage and ischemia-reperfusion injury.

Background: Valproic acid (VPA) is a histone deacetylase inhibitor that may decrease cellular metabolic needs following traumatic injury. We hypothesized that VPA may have beneficial effects in preventing or reducing the cellular and metabolic sequelae of ischemia-reperfusion injury.

Methods: Twenty-eight Yorkshire swine underwent 35% blood volume hemorrhage, followed by a lethal truncal ischemia-reperfusion injury and 6 h of resuscitation.