Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in Infants Screened for Retinopathy of Prematurity.

Importance: Preterm infants screened for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) are at risk for heterogenous neurodevelopment outcomes that are difficult to predict.

Objective: To characterize the potential association between socioeconomic and clinical risk factors and neurodevelopmental outcomes in a diverse, multicenter cohort of premature neonates screened for ROP.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This was a retrospective cohort study using electronic medical records and US Census Bureau income data.

Association Between Social Determinants of Health and Retinopathy of Prematurity Outcomes.

Importance: Previous studies suggest that race or ethnicity may be associated with risk for developing retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). Little is known about how socioeconomic factors mediate the relationship between race or ethnicity and ROP outcomes.

Objective: To evaluate how socioeconomic factors, in the context of race and ethnicity, are associated with ROP outcomes.

Congenital hyperinsulinism in a newborn presenting with poor feeding.

Hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia is a condition linked to several genetic, metabolic, and growth disorders in which there is dysregulated insulin secretion. In infants, an inappropriately persistent hypoglycemic and hypoketotic state can cause severe brain injury leading to epilepsy, cerebral palsy, and neurodevelopmental disabilities due to the lack of glucose and ketone substrate to serve as fuel for the developing brain. The most common cause of persistent hypoglycemia in neonates and children has been found to be congenital hyperinsulinism.

Revisiting Skeletal Dysplasias in the Newborn.

With over 400 reported disorders, the skeletal dysplasias represent a myriad of molecularly-based skeletal abnormalities. Arising from errors in skeletal development, the clinical spectrum of disease evolves through an affected individual's life. The naming and grouping of these disorders are ever-changing, but the fundamentals of diagnosis remain the same and are accomplished through a combination of prenatal ultrasonography and postnatal physical examination, radiography, and genetic analysis.

Arthrogryposis Multiplex Congenita.

Arthrogryposis multiplex congenita (AMC) is a complex, etiologically diverse, clinical descriptor identified in a variety of diagnoses characterized by multiple congenital joint contractures. The root cause of AMC is decreased fetal movement in-utero, whether resulting from maternal or pregnancy influences, nervous system pathology, or an underlying genetic abnormality. Prenatal diagnosis via ultrasonography can be challenging and may require additional imaging techniques or studies.

Lack of utility of tracheal aspirates in the management of suspected pneumonia in intubated neonates.

Objectives: To evaluate the utility of tracheal aspirates in suspected pneumonia in intubated neonates and to measure the burden of antibiotic use associated with a positive tracheal aspirate culture.

Design: Retrospective cohort study between January 2016 and December 2017.

Setting: A level IV neonatal intensive care unit (NICU).