Visceral leishmaniasis (kala-azar) caused by in a patient with AIDS.

We describe a patient with HIV who presented with hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis and nonspecific abdominal imaging findings. He was diagnosed with visceral leishmaniasis via bone marrow biopsy and treated in the hospital with amphotericin B infusions. Despite pharmacologic interventions, including amphotericin and miltefosine in addition to antiretroviral therapy, our patient experienced multiple relapses and a challenging clinical course.

Association between health insurance coverage and uptake of seasonal influenza vaccine in Brazos County, Texas.

Background: Lack of health insurance may limit access to influenza vaccination, resulting in higher risk of infection.

Methods: The Brazos County Health Department obtained medical records summarizing vaccination and health insurance status of all influenza cases occurring in December 2017 (n = 417). The odds of influenza vaccination were estimated for those with public or private health insurance as compared to uninsured individuals using multivariate logistic regression analysis adjusted for age and race.

Advances in the vaccination of the elderly against influenza: role of a high-dose vaccine.

On 23 December 2009, the US FDA approved Fluzone® High Dose, a high-dose formulation of the trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine, for prevention of influenza in people 65 years of age and older. As it was approved via an accelerated process designed to allow expeditious availability of safe and effective products with promise to treat or prevent serious or life-threatening diseases, the manufacturer is required to conduct further studies to demonstrate effectiveness. Although these studies are underway, a recently completed randomized, controlled trial demonstrated that this vaccine, containing four-times more hemagglutinin than standard-dose inactivated influenza vaccines, can produce an enhanced immunologic response in subjects of 65 years of age and older, while maintaining a favorable safety profile.

2009 H1N1 influenza.

Within 2 months of its discovery last spring, a novel influenza A (H1N1) virus, currently referred to as 2009 H1N1, caused the first influenza pandemic in decades. The virus has caused disproportionate disease among young people with early reports of virulence similar to that of seasonal influenza. This clinical review provides an update encompassing the virology, epidemiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of the 2009 H1N1 virus.