Chronic Joint Pain Disparities for U.S. Transgender Adults: Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 2020.

Several studies have found that sexual minority individuals are at greater risk for chronic pain. However, these studies did not ask about gender identity, and research on chronic pain in transgender populations remains scarce. This present study examined the relationship between transgender status and chronic joint pain disorders among U.

Maintaining disorder: estimating the association between policing and psychiatric hospitalization among youth in New York City by neighborhood racial composition, 2006-2014.

Purpose: To assess whether neighborhood-level measures of policing are spatio-temporally associated with psychiatric hospialization among adolescents and young adults in New York City, and whether this association varies by neighborhood racial composition.

Methods: We derived population-based measures of policing from the New York City Police Department (NYPD), psychiatric hospitalization from Statewide Planning and Research Cooperative System (SPARCS) data, and socio-demographic data from the American Community Survey (ACS), aggregated by month and ZIP Code Tabulation Area (ZCTA) from 2006 to 2014. Multi-level negative binomial regression models assessed hospitalization-time of youth aged 10-24 as the dependent variable and the rate of policing events as the primary independent variable, adjusting for neighborhood poverty, unemployment, and educational attainment.

Generalized and racialized consequences of the police response to intimate partner violence in the U.S.: A systematic scoping review.

Intimate partner violence (IPV) impacts more than 40% of people in the U.S. Since the 1980s, the U.

Protocol for a nationwide case-control study of firearm violence prevention tactics and policies in K-12 schools.

Background: Most U.S. K-12 schools have adopted safety tactics and policies like arming teachers and installing metal detectors, to address intentional school gun violence.

Punitive legal responses to prenatal drug use in the United States: A survey of state policies and systematic review of their public health impacts.

Background: Punitive legal responses to prenatal drug use may be associated with unintended adverse health consequences. However, in a rapidly shifting policy climate, current information has not been summarized. We conducted a survey of U.

Longitudinal relationships among exclusionary school discipline, adolescent substance use, and adult arrest: Public health implications of the school-to-prison pipeline.

Purpose: Exclusionary school discipline is an initiating component of the school-to-prison pipeline that is racialized and may lead to short- and long-term negative substance use and criminal legal outcomes. However, these impacts, and racial disparities therein, have not been well explored empirically at the individual-level.

Procedures: We analyzed data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (1995-2009).

Structural sexism moderates work and occupational risks for alcohol consumption and binge drinking among US women, 1989-2016.

Background: People in the labor force and in high-status careers consume alcohol at high rates. State-level structural sexism (sex inequality in political/economic status) is inversely related to alcohol use among women. We examine whether structural sexism modifies women's labor force characteristics and alcohol consumption.

Dead Labor: Mortality Inequities by Class, Gender, and Race/Ethnicity in the United States, 1986-2019.

To estimate social class inequities in US mortality using a relational measure based on power over productive property and workers' labor. We used nationally representative 1986-2018 National Health Interview Survey data with mortality follow-up through December 31, 2019 (n = 911 850). First, using business-ownership, occupational, and employment-status data, we classified respondents as incorporated business owners (IBOs), unincorporated business owners (UBOs), managers, workers, or not in the labor force (NLFs).

Punitive school discipline as a mechanism of structural marginalization with implications for health inequity: A systematic review of quantitative studies in the health and social sciences literature.

Punitive school discipline deploys surveillance, exclusion, and corporal punishment to deter or account for perceived student misbehavior. Yet, education and legal scholarship suggests it fails to achieve stated goals and exacerbates harm. Furthermore, it is disproportionately imposed upon Black, Latinx, Native/Indigenous, LGBTQIA, and disabled students, concentrating its harms among marginalized young people.

Collateral consequences of the school-to-prison pipeline: Adolescent substance use and developmental risk.

Objective: The adolescent health consequences of the school-to-prison pipeline remain underexplored. We test whether initiating components of the school-to-prison pipeline-suspensions, expulsions, and school policing-are associated with higher school-average levels of student substance use, depressed feelings, and developmental risk in the following year.

Method: We linked 2003-2014 data from the California Healthy Kids Survey and the Civil Rights Data Collection from over 4,800 schools and 4,950,000 students.

Criminogenic risk assessment: A meta-review and critical analysis.

A vast body of research underlies the ascendancy of criminogenic risk assessment, which was developed to predict recidivism. It is unclear, however, whether the empirical evidence supports its expansion across the criminal legal system. This meta-review thus attempts to answer the following questions: 1) How well does criminogenic risk assessment differentiate people who are at high risk of recidivism from those at low risk of recidivism? 2) How well do researchers' conclusions about match the empirical evidence? 3) Does the empirical evidence support the theory, policy, and practice recommendations that researchers make based on their conclusions? A systematic literature search identified 39 meta-analyses and systematic reviews that met inclusion criteria.

Wage theft and life expectancy inequities in the United States: A simulation study.

Wage theft - employers not paying workers their legally entitled wages and benefits - costs workers billions of dollars annually. We tested whether preventing wage theft could increase U.S.

Structural sexism and Women's alcohol use in the United States, 1988-2016.

Background: Women's alcohol consumption and binge drinking have increased concurrent with socio-economic gains and may be related to structural sexism.

Methods: We examined associations between structural sexism (state-level sex inequality in political/economic status), and alcohol outcomes among women in Monitoring the Future (N = 20,859) from 1988 to 2016 (ages 27-45 in 2016). We controlled for state and individual confounders and tested three mediators: depressive symptoms, restrictive alcohol norms, and college completion.

Policing the pandemic: Estimating spatial and racialized inequities in New York City police enforcement of COVID-19 mandates.

The use of policing to enforce public health guidelines has historically produced harmful consequences, and early evidence from the police enforcement of COVID-19 mandates suggested Black New Yorkers were disproportionately represented in arrests. The over-policing of Black and low-income neighborhoods during a pandemic risks increased transmission, potentially exacerbating existing health inequities. To assess racialized and class-based inequities in the enforcement of COVID-19 mandates at the ZIP-code-level, we conducted a retrospective spatial analysis of demographic factors and public health policing in New York City from March 12-May 24, 2020.

School Health Predictors of the School-to-Prison Pipeline: Substance Use and Developmental Risk and Resilience Factors.

Purpose: The purpose of the study is to establish prospective relationships among school mean levels of substance use, developmental risk and resilience factors, and school discipline.

Methods: We linked 2003-2014 data from the California Healthy Kids Survey and the Civil Rights Data Collection, from more than 4,800 schools and 4,950,000 students. With lagged multilevel linear models, we estimated relationships among standardized school average levels of six substance use measures; eight developmental risk and resilience factors; and the prevalence of total discipline, out-of-school discipline, and police-involved discipline.

Free agents or cogs in the machine? Classed, gendered, and racialized inequities in hazardous working conditions.

Introduction: Few epidemiologic studies have used relational social class measures based on control over productive assets and others' labor to analyze inequities in health-affecting working conditions. Moreover, these studies have often neglected the gendered and racialized dimensions of class relations, dimensions which are essential to understanding population patterns of health inequities. Our study fills these gaps.

Evaluating Litigation as a Structural Strategy for Addressing Bias-Based Bullying Among Youth.

Importance: Homophobic bullying-which is motivated by actual or perceived sexual orientation-is a common experience among youth and is more strongly associated with adverse outcomes than bullying unrelated to bias. Yet current approaches to reducing homophobic bullying either lack empirical evidence or encounter significant obstacles. Thus, the field requires the identification of strategies that hold promise for reducing homophobic bullying.

US trends in binge drinking by gender, occupation, prestige, and work structure among adults in the midlife, 2006-2018.

Background: Rates of binge drinking have nearly doubled among US women ages 30-49 since 2006. Employment influences alcohol use and varies by the prestige and structure (e.g.

Association between county jail incarceration and cause-specific county mortality in the USA, 1987-2017: a retrospective, longitudinal study.

Background: Mass incarceration has collateral consequences for community health, which are reflected in county-level health indicators, including county mortality rates. County jail incarceration rates are associated with all-cause mortality rates in the USA. We assessed the causes of death that drive the relationship between county-level jail incarceration and mortality.