Excessive information sampling in psychiatric patients characterized by high trait anxiety has been inconsistently linked with alterations in inferential and valuation processes. Methodological limitations could account in part for these inconsistencies. To address this, computational models of inference and valuation were applied to data collected from a transdiagnostic sample of adults with and without an anxiety or compulsive disorder using a version of the beads task with enhanced experimental controls.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIntroduction: Pedicle subtraction osteotomy (PSO) is a complex surgical procedure that provides correction of moderate sagittal imbalance. Surgical complications have adverse effects on patient outcomes and healthcare costs, making it imperative for clinical researchers to focus on minimizing complications. However, when it comes to risk modeling of PSO surgery, there is currently no consensus on which patient characteristics or measures should be used.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFStudy Design: Retrospective Cohort Analysis.
Objectives: Extended hospital length of stay (LOS) poses a significant cost burden to patients undergoing adult spinal deformity (ASD) surgery. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between late-week surgery and LOS in patients undergoing ASD surgery.
Importance: The link between psychosis and dopaminergic dysfunction is established, but no generalizable biomarkers with clear potential for clinical adoption exist.
Objective: To replicate previous findings relating neuromelanin-sensitive magnetic resonance imaging (NM-MRI), a proxy measure of dopamine function, to psychosis severity in antipsychotic-free individuals in the psychosis spectrum and to evaluate the out-of-sample predictive ability of NM-MRI for psychosis severity.
Design, Setting, And Participants: This cross-sectional study recruited participants from 2019 to 2023 in the New York City area (main samples) and Mexico City area (external validation sample).
Study Design: Retrospective Study.
Objective: At the North American Spine Society (NASS) conference, participants may influence spine surgery practices and patient care through their contributions. Therefore, their financial conflicts of interest are of notable interest.
Delusions are rigid beliefs held with high certainty despite contradictory evidence. Notwithstanding decades of research, we still have a limited understanding of the computational and neurobiological alterations giving rise to delusions. In this review, we highlight a selection of recent work in computational psychiatry aimed at developing quantitative models of inference and its alterations, with the goal of providing an explanatory account for the form of delusional beliefs in psychosis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCYP-GUIDES (Cytochrome Psychotropic Genotyping Under Investigation for Decision Support) was a Randomized Controlled Trial comparing 2 outcomes in hospitalized patients with major depressive disorder treated according to the patient's CYP2D6 genotype and functional status versus standard psychotropic therapy. The primary outcome was hospital Length of Stay (LOS) and the secondary was Re-Admission Rate (RAR) 30 days after discharge. Methodology, total results and database of the trial have been published.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCYP-GUIDES is a randomized controlled trial (RCT) of pharmacogenetic decision support in the psychotropic treatment of hospitalized patients with major depressive disorder or severe depression. Patients were treated according to their CYP2D6 functional status or empirically and compared for both their (LOS, primary outcome) at the hospital and (RAR, secondary outcome) 30 days after discharge. The trial was conducted at the Institute of Living (Hartford Hospital, Hartford CT).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCYP-GUIDES (Cytochrome Psychotropic Genotyping Under Investigation for Decision Support) is a randomized controlled trial (RCT) comparing 2 outcomes in hospitalized patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) treated according to the patient's CYP2D6 genotype and functional status versus standard psychotropic therapy. The primary outcome was hospital Length of Stay (LOS) and the secondary outcome was the Re-Admission Rate (RAR) 30 days after discharge. The trial setting was the Institute of Living at Hartford Hospital.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFVariants of the gene have been associated with a wide range of diseases. The present study analyzed data from clinical genotyping of and in 1405 patients in urban primary care settings. Striking differences in ethnogeographic frequencies of polymorphisms were observed.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDelusions, a core symptom of psychosis, are false beliefs that are rigidly held with strong conviction despite contradictory evidence. Alterations in inferential processes have long been proposed to underlie delusional pathology, but previous attempts to show this have failed to yield compelling evidence for a specific relationship between inferential abnormalities and delusional severity in schizophrenia. Using a novel, incentivized information-sampling task (a modified version of the beads task), alongside well-characterized decision-making tasks, we sought a mechanistic understanding of delusions in a sample of medicated and unmedicated patients with schizophrenia who exhibited a wide range of delusion severity.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFindings from in vivo brain proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (H MRS) and preclinical studies have suggested region- and medication status-dependent increases in glutamate (Glu) levels and deficiencies in glutathione (GSH) levels in schizophrenia. N-acetylcysteine (NAC), a GSH synthesis precursor, has demonstrated modest clinical benefit in schizophrenia. The objective of this study was to examine the effects of acute administration of NAC on GSH and Glu levels measured with H MRS in 19 patients with schizophrenia and 20 healthy control subjects.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNeuromelanin-sensitive MRI (NM-MRI) purports to detect the content of neuromelanin (NM), a product of dopamine metabolism that accumulates with age in dopamine neurons of the substantia nigra (SN). Interindividual variability in dopamine function may result in varying levels of NM accumulation in the SN; however, the ability of NM-MRI to measure dopamine function in nonneurodegenerative conditions has not been established. Here, we validated that NM-MRI signal intensity in postmortem midbrain specimens correlated with regional NM concentration even in the absence of neurodegeneration, a prerequisite for its use as a proxy for dopamine function.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEarlier work in our laboratory demonstrated that naturally occurring reveromycin A (Rev A) causes apoptosis in osteoclasts without accompanying necrosis. Rev A death effects in both normal and diseased joint cells were investigated in this study. A dose of 10 μM Rev A did not cause apoptosis nor necrosis in monolayer chondrocytes, even at pH 6.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPorcine circovirus 2 (PCV2), the cause of porcine circovirus-associated disease (PCVAD), is widespread in swine farms throughout the United States with vaccine controlling disease, but not eliminating infection. We examined the PCV2 virological and immunological status of sows, pre-suckling piglets, and the farrowing environment of sow farms to determine PCV2 exposure risks, transmission dynamics, and immunological impacts at the time of farrowing. PCV2 was widely distributed in animals and the farrowing environment of 6 midwestern US sow farms irrespective of sow vaccination status.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFContext: The addition of clinical data or present on admission (POA) codes to administrative databases improves the accuracy of predicting clinical outcomes, such as inpatient mortality. Other POA information may also explain variation in hospital outcomes, such as length of stay (LOS), but this potential has not been previously explored.
Objectives: To assess whether a discrepancy between the diagnosis coded at the time of admission and the diagnoses coded at discharge independently explains variation in LOS for general internal medicine patients.
CD4(+)CD25+ T regulatory (Treg) cells have been shown to critically regulate self and allograft tolerance in mice. Studies of human Treg cells have been hindered by low numbers present in peripheral blood and difficult purification. We found that cord blood was a superior source for Treg-cell isolation and cell line generation compared with adult blood.
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