Reemergence of recombinant vaccine-derived poliovirus outbreak in Madagascar.

Background: After the 2001-2002 poliomyelitis outbreak due to recombinant vaccine-derived polioviruses (VDPVs) in the Toliara province of Madagascar, another outbreak reoccurred in the same province in 2005.

Methods: We conducted epidemiological and virological investigations for each polio case patient and for their contacts.

Results: From May to August 2005, a total of 5 cases of acute flaccid paralysis were reported among unvaccinated or partially vaccinated children 2-3 years old.