Correlation Between the First Trimester Two-Hour Postprandial Blood Glucose Greater Than 110 mg/dL for the Prediction of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus.

Aim: To determine the correlation between first-trimester two-hour postprandial blood glucose (PPBG) > 110 mg/dL for predicting gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).

Methods: This prospective cohort study enrolled 200 women between 8 and 10 weeks of gestation from February 2022 to February 2024. All recruited pregnant women underwent testing for two-hour PPBS at 8-10 weeks and were followed up till delivery.

Use of Sodium-Glucose Transport Protein 2 (SGLT2) Inhibitor Remogliflozin and Possibility of Acute Kidney Injury in Type-2 Diabetes.

The major trials, e.g., EMPA-REG OUTCOME, CANVAS, and CREDENCE, showed the renal and cardiovascular benefit of sodium-glucose transport protein 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors.

Prediction and Prevention of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Its Sequelae by Administering Metformin in the Early Weeks of Pregnancy.

Diabetes mellitus in recent years has become a relentlessly evolving pandemic. Measures for the screening and early detection of diabetes are practiced all around the world. However, considering the ever-increasing magnitude of the problem, the present efforts should especially focus on the primordial prevention of diabetes.

Diagnosing Gestational Diabetes by a Single-Test Procedure Is a Propitious Step Towards Containing the Epidemic of Diabetes.

In recent years, diabetes has evolved into a non-communicable disease pandemic with data showing that one out of ten adults in the world have diabetes. Among various factors that contribute to this rising trend in diabetes, one factor that is of paramount importance is gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Maternal hyperglycemia sets off a vicious cycle that affects not only the mother and her child but also the generations to come.

Transgenerational Transmission of Non-communicable Diseases: How to Break the Vicious Cycle?

Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) like diabetes, obesity, hypertension, and cardiovascular diseases are major causes of morbidity and mortality all over the world. In recent decades, NCDs are sweeping steadily across the globe much like a silent yet devastating pandemic. Among other factors, the rising trend in diabetes and related NCDs is also linked to hyperglycemia in pregnancy (HIP).

Anthropometric and Skin Fold Thickness Measurements of Newborns of Gestational Glucose Intolerant Mothers: Does it Indicate Disproportionate Fetal Growth?

Aim Of The Study: Studies have shown that gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) causes disproportionate growth and increased adiposity in their newborns; however, the effect of gestational glucose intolerance (GGI), i.e., 2 h plasma glucose (PG) between 120 and 139 mg/dl in pregnancy on their newborns growth and adiposity is not well established.

Diagnosis and principles of management of gestational diabetes mellitus in the prevailing COVID-19 pandemic.

Background: Limited medical facilities are available due to Covid-19 pandemic. Nevertheless, all efforts should be made in planning judicial and possible methods of delivering health care, particularly to pregnant woman with GDM. GDM may play a crucial role in the increasing prevalence of diabetes and obesity and also may be the origin of cardiometabolic diseases.

"If I Don't Eat Enough, I Won't Be Healthy". Women's Experiences with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Treatment in Rural and Urban South India.

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is associated with a range of adverse pregnancy outcomes as well as increased risk of future type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. In India, 10%-35% of pregnant women develop GDM. In this study, we investigated women's experiences with the dietary and pharmaceutical treatment for GDM in rural and urban Tamil Nadu, India.

When are we Going to Settle the Diagnostic Criteria of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus?

Guidelines to diagnose Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) have changed a number of times from O'Sullivan and Mahan, Carpenter and Coustan, World Health Organization, American Diabetes Association to that of International Association of Diabetes in Pregnancy Study Group (IADPSG). The IADPSG guideline was based on Hyperglycaemia and Adverse Pregnancy Outcome (HAPO) study which was performed in caucasian population only and thus literally cannot be considered as international. Recently a study commented that this guideline needs revision for standardization of this strategy for diagnosing GDM.

Targeting Glycemic Level in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus to that of Normal Pregnancy would result in a better Maternal-Fetal Outcome.

Women with a history of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) are at increased risk of future diabetes and related Non-Communicable Diseases (NCD) as are their offspring. "Transgenerational transmission occurs". Independent of genetic risk, offspring of hyperglycaemic pregnancies are at increased risk of early onset type 2 diabetes mellitus (Type 2 DM) and obesity.

Perspectives on diagnostic strategies for hyperglycemia in pregnancy - Dealing with the barriers and challenges in South Asia.

Estimates indicate that south Asia accounts for over two fifths of the global burden of hyperglycemia in pregnancy (HIP) and the ongoing nutritional and epidemiological transition may make the situation worse. Given their higher risk, all women of south Asian decent require to be tested for HIP. With approximately 37 million births annually in the region requires that 37 million women be tested annually; thereby placing a huge burden on the fragile inadequately resourced health systems in the region with poor awareness and lack of trained manpower.

Factors influencing timely initiation and completion of gestational diabetes mellitus screening and diagnosis - a qualitative study from Tamil Nadu, India.

Background: In 2007, universal screening for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) was introduced in Tamil Nadu, India. To identify factors hindering or facilitating timely initiation and completion of the GDM screening and diagnosis process, our study investigated how pregnant women in rural and urban Tamil Nadu access and navigate different GDM related health services.

Methods: The study was carried out in two settings: an urban private diabetes centre and a rural government primary health centre.

Risk Factors for Hyperglycaemia in Pregnancy in Tamil Nadu, India.

Introduction: Hyperglycaemia in pregnancy (HIP), i.e. gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and diabetes in pregnancy (DIP), increases the risk of various short- and long-term adverse outcomes.

Empagliflozin as Add-on Therapy to Pioglitazone With or Without Metformin in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

Purpose: To investigate the long-term efficacy and safety of empagliflozin as add-on therapy to pioglitazone with or without metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Methods: Of 498 patients randomized to empagliflozin 10 mg, empagliflozin 25 mg, or placebo once daily for 24 weeks in the EMPA-REG PIO™ study, 305 (61.2%) were treated in a double-blind extension trial for ≥52 weeks (total duration ≥76 weeks).

Consensus evidence-based guidelines for management of gestational diabetes mellitus in India.

Gestational diabetes mellitus represents both a clear pathological condition of glycaemic dysregulation and a factor aggravating the risk of future diabetes in both the mother and child. Thus it is of paramount importance to control and manage pregnancy complicated by diabetes to improve the health and well-being of the mother and avert the risk of diabetes across generations. Currently, a wide variety of national and international guidelines address clinical questions pertinent to diabetes management during pregnancy.

Maternal serum biomarkers for risk assessment in gestational diabetes. A potential universal screening test to predict GDM status.

The prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is increasing because of the worldwide obesity/diabetes epidemic. The complications of untreated GDM affect both the mother and baby and include complications during pregnancy as well as increased risk of subsequent type-2 diabetes in mothers and offspring. Standard tests for hyperglycemia in diabetes, such as fasting glucose and hemoglobin (HbA1c), are currently not recommended for GDM screening.

A cohort study of gestational diabetes mellitus and complimentary qualitative research: background, aims and design.

Background: Women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and their offsprings are at increased risk of future type 2 diabetes and metabolic abnormalities. Early diagnosis and proper management of GDM, as well as, postpartum follow-up and preventive care is expected to reduce this risk. However, no large scale prospective studies have been done particularly from the developing world on this aspect.

A retrospective study on finding correlation of pioglitazone and incidences of bladder cancer in the Indian population.

Objectives: This retrospective cohort study analyzed the clinical data of cancer patients conducted in a cancer hospital, Chennai to assess the correlation (if any) between use of antidiabetic agents including pioglitazone and the incidence of bladder cancer.

Materials And Methods: Totally, 5079 cancer patients' with and without diabetes were included and analyzed in this retrospective study.

Results: A total of 1077 patient data were screened out of a total of 5079.

Current status of management, control, complications and psychosocial aspects of patients with diabetes in India: Results from the DiabCare India 2011 Study.

Objectives: DiabCare India 2011 was a cross-sectional study in patients with diabetes mellitus, undertaken to investigate the relationship between diabetes control, management and complications in a subset of urban Indian diabetes patients treated at referral diabetes care centres in India.

Materials And Methods: This was a cross-sectional, multicentre (330 centres) survey in 6168 diabetes patients treated at general hospitals, diabetes clinics and referral clinics across India. Patient data, including medical and clinical examination reports during the past year were collected during their routine visit.

Gestational diabetes mellitus: insulinic management.

Diabetic pregnancies have attendant risks. Adverse fetal, neonatal, and maternal outcomes in a diabetic pregnancy can be avoided by optimum glycemic control. Most pregnancies with GDM can be managed with non-insulinic management, which includes medical nutrition therapy.

Strategies for implementing the WHO diagnostic criteria and classification of hyperglycaemia first detected in pregnancy.

The World Health Organization (WHO) has recently released updated recommendations on Diagnostic Criteria and Classification of Hyperglycaemia First Detected in Pregnancy which are likely to increase the prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Any increase in the number of women with GDM has implications for health services since these women will require treatment and regular surveillance during the pregnancy. Some health services throughout the world may have difficulty meeting these demands since country resources for addressing the diabetes burden are finite and resource allocation must be prioritised by balancing the need to improve care of people with diabetes and finding those with undiagnosed diabetes, including GDM.