Changes in the sensitivity of response distributions to changes in reward distribution (reinforcer distribution sensitivity) were examined when rats were exposed to low and moderate doses of caffeine, ephedrine, and caffeine-ephedrine combinations. The data show significant decreases in sensitivity in response distributions to changes in reward schedule values during exposure to caffeine and ephedrine/caffeine combinations, whereas ephedrine alone resulted in overmatching comparable with baseline and NaCl conditions. Rats treated either with 3.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPredator urine, specifically fox urine, is a noxious but harmless olfactory stimulus. The results of previous studies have shown that fox urine is aversive to rats, and that rats react to fox urine in a similar manner as to other psychostressors. In the present study, the authors further investigated the use of fox urine as an aversive or stressful stimulus, specifically examining behavior change in open-field place-preference task.
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