Meaningful engagement of people living with cancer: Leveraging breast cancer survivors in a stigma reduction intervention in Tanzania.

Introduction: Cancer-related stigma is a key driver of advanced breast cancer stage in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). We developed and tested the impact of a breast cancer survivor-led Stigma reduction intervention (SRI) on stigma and treatment adherence of newly diagnosed patients with breast cancer in Tanzania.

Methods: Breast cancer survivors were trained on breast cancer knowledge and motivational interviewing.

Why Am I Ill? Beliefs in Supernatural and Natural Causes of Ill Health at the Time of Diagnostic Workup of Patients With Esophageal Cancer in Tanzania.

Purpose: An understanding of the cultural and context-specific perceptions of the causes of cancer is an important prerequisite for designing effective primary health prevention and early detection strategies. We aimed to use the Murdock Ill Health Theoretical Model to conceptualize views on illness causation among dysphagia-suffering patients undergoing diagnostic workup for esophageal cancer (EC) in Tanzania.

Methods: At the end of a structured interview on lifestyle habits, patients with suspected EC were asked about beliefs on the reasons behind their illness through (1) a set of questions with fixed binary answers, whose determinants were analyzed using logistic regression, and (2) a single question with free-text answers.

Willingness of advanced cancer patients to receive palliative care and its determinants: A cross-sectional study in Northern Tanzania.

Background: The purpose of this study was to assess willingness of advanced cancer patients to receive palliative care and its determinants at Cancer Care Centre in Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre Northern Tanzania.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess willingness of advanced cancer patients to receive palliative care and its determinants at Cancer Care Centre in Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre Northern Tanzania.

Methods: This was an institution-based cross-sectional study and the target population was all advanced cancer patients attending care at Cancer care Centre in Northern Tanzania.

Cross-Cultural Adaptation and Psychometric Properties of the Swahili Version of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) QLQ-BR45 among Breast Cancer Patients in Tanzania.

Breast cancer is the most frequent cancer in women in Africa and contributes to premature death and poor quality of life. This study aimed to determine the validity, reliability, and psychometric properties of the Swahili version of EORTC QLQ-BR45 among women with breast cancer in Tanzania. A cross-sectional study design with non-probability convenience sampling was employed.

A case report of atypical presentation of a solitary brain metastasis from a primary lung cancer in a low resource setting.

Introduction And Importance: Brain metastasis is the most common associated consequence of primary lung cancers, and it has a major detrimental influence on patients' survival and quality of life. Modern imaging modalities such as brain MRIs and PET scans are preferred for assessing these lesions. Complete surgical resections have been shown to enhance survival.

"Caring for Breast Cancer Patients Is a Work That Brings Sorrow": A Qualitative Interview Study with Nurses in Tanzania.

Introduction: Breast cancer is increasing in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), and most women are diagnosed at a late stage. This leads to increased suffering for the patients and challenging care situations for nurses. Limited resources in healthcare, lack of oncology training, and low health literacy in society result in even more demanding situations for nurses.

Identification of a second glycoform of the clinically prevalent O1 antigen from .

Carbapenemase and extended β-lactamase-producing isolates represent a major health threat, stimulating increasing interest in immunotherapeutic approaches for combating infections. Lipopolysaccharide O antigen polysaccharides offer viable targets for immunotherapeutic development, and several studies have described protection with O-specific antibodies in animal models of infection. O1 antigen is produced by almost half of clinical isolates.

Primary breast squamous cell carcinoma: A case report at a tertiary hospital in Northern Tanzania.

Key Clinical Message: Primary SCC of the breast is a very rare disease.Metastasis from elsewhere should be excluded first.The tumor is a very aggressive with poor prognosis.

Impact of COVID-19 on delivery of oncology services in Northern Tanzania: a cross-sectional study of community health workers and patients undergoing cancer treatment at the Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre.

Objective: To ascertain how the COVID-19 pandemic was perceived by oncology patients and community health workers (CHWs) and whether this contributed to disruptions in cancer care.

Design: Cross-sectional study using (1) structured telephone interviews with patients and (2) structured questionnaires completed by CHWs.

Setting: Outpatient and community care at Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre's Cancer Care Centre (KCMCCCC), Northern Tanzania.

NOHA: A Promising Biomarker for Determining Estrogen Receptor Status Among Patients With Breast Cancer in Resource-Constrained Settings.

Purpose: Challenges to breast cancer control in low-and middle-income countries exist because of constrained access to care, including pathology services. Immunohistochemistry (IHC)-based estrogen receptor (ER) analysis is limited-nonexistent because of few and inadequately staffed and equipped pathology laboratories. We have identified N-hydroxy-L-Arginine (NOHA) as a blood-based biomarker to distinguish ER status in US patients with breast cancer.

Clinicopathological characteristics of breast cancer patients from Northern Tanzania: common aspects of late stage presentation and triple negative breast cancer.

Purpose: Breast cancer (BC) is the second most common cancer among Tanzanian women. Oestrogen (ER), progesterone and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 play major roles in prognosis and treatment but data for Tanzania are sparse. This study aimed to determine these patterns and histological types, tumour grading and staging of BC patients in northern Tanzania for a better understanding of BC in the Sub-Saharan African (SSA) setting.

Barriers to Cancer Care in Northern Tanzania: Patient and Health-System Predictors for Delayed Presentation.

Purpose: Cancer is a growing problem in Africa, and delays in receiving timely cancer care often results in poorer outcomes. The purpose of this study was to identify the patient and health-system factors associated with delayed cancer care in adults living in the Northern Zone of Tanzania.

Patients And Methods: Between July 2018 and July 2019, we surveyed adult patients presenting to an oncology clinic in Northern Tanzania.

Tanzanian women´s knowledge about Cervical Cancer and HPV and their prevalence of positive VIA cervical screening results. Data from a Prevention and Awareness Campaign in Northern Tanzania, 2017 - 2019.

: 14.9 million women (≥15 years) in Tanzania are at risk of developing cervical cancer. Limited cancer care facilities, prevention programs and sparse knowledge among community members and healthcare workers contribute to late-stage presentation leading to a high mortality rate.

Colorectal Cancer in Northern Tanzania: Increasing Trends and Late Presentation Present Major Challenges.

Purpose: A trend of increasing incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC) has been observed in northern Tanzania. Studies have shown a six-fold increase in CRC in the past decade, with 90% of patients presenting in late stages, with resultant high morbidity and mortality rates. In this study, we aimed to document the burden of CRC in the northern zone of Tanzania from 1998 to 2018, focusing on patient presentation, clinical features, and treatment at a tertiary hospital.

Repetitive Cancer Training for Community Healthcare Workers: an Effective Method to Strengthen Knowledge and Impact on the Communities: Results from a Pilot Training at Kilimanjaro Region, Tanzania.

Cancer is a growing burden in Tanzania with high mortality rates. Low level of cancer awareness in the population and health workforce is one of the reasons. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of a cancer awareness training for community-level healthcare providers in Kilimanjaro Region.

Staff Perspectives Toward Challenges in a Newly Established Cancer Center in Tanzania: A Qualitative Study.

Purpose: Cancer is a growing public health concern in low-income countries (LICs). From 14 million new patient cases identified worldwide each year, 8 million are diagnosed in LICs. The fatality rate is 75% in LICs compared with 46% in high-income countries.

Cortical and subcortical connections of parietal and premotor nodes of the monkey hand mirror neuron network.

Mirror neurons (MNs) are a class of cells originally discovered in the monkey ventral premotor cortex (PMv) and inferior parietal lobule (IPL). They discharge during both action execution and action observation and appear to play a crucial role in understanding others' actions. It has been proposed that the mirror mechanism is based on a match between the visual description of actions, encoded in temporal cortical regions, and their motor representation, provided by PMv and IPL.

Genetic and structural elucidation of capsular polysaccharides from Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 23A and 23B, and comparison to serotype 23F.

Streptococcus pneumoniae is a globally important encapsulated human pathogen with approximately 100 different serotypes recognized. Serogroup 23 consists of serotype 23F, present in licensed vaccines, and emerging serotypes 23A and 23B. Here, we report the previously unknown structures of the pneumococcal capsular polysaccharides serotype 23A and 23B determined using genetic analysis, NMR spectroscopy, composition and linkage analysis and Smith degradation (of polysaccharide 23A).

A prospective non-randomized controlled, multicenter trial comparing Appendectomy and Conservative Treatment for Patients with Uncomplicated Acute Appendicitis (the ACTUAA study).

Purpose: Acute appendicitis (AA) is among the most common causes of lower abdominal pain and admissions to the emergency department. Over the past 20 years, there has been a renewed interest in the conservative management of uncomplicated AA, and several studies demonstrated that an antibiotic-first strategy is a viable treatment option for uncomplicated AA. The aim of this prospective non-randomized controlled, multicenter trial is to compare antibiotic therapy and emergency appendectomy as treatment for patients with uncomplicated AA confirmed by US and/or CT or MRI scan.

Copper starvation-inducible protein for cytochrome oxidase biogenesis in Bradyrhizobium japonicum.

Microarray analysis of Bradyrhizobium japonicum grown under copper limitation uncovered five genes named pcuABCDE, which are co-transcribed and co-regulated as an operon. The predicted gene products are periplasmic proteins (PcuA, PcuC, and PcuD), a TonB-dependent outer membrane receptor (PcuB), and a cytoplasmic membrane-integral protein (PcuE). Homologs of PcuC and PcuE had been discovered in other bacteria, namely PCu(A)C and YcnJ, where they play a role in cytochrome oxidase biogenesis and copper transport, respectively.

[Surgical management of a voluminous abdominal paraganglioma and review of the literature].

Unlabelled: The Authors report a case of a voluminous abdominal paraganglioma and a review of the literature on the surgical management of paragangliomas.

Case Report: A 58 years old woman was admitted to our Institution with acute endocrine impairment and simultaneous intestinal necrosis resulting from the mass effect of the tumor on the mesenteric vessels. Clinical and biochemical preoperative work up posed the suspect of paraganglioma.

Grasping neurons of monkey parietal and premotor cortices encode action goals at distinct levels of abstraction during complex action sequences.

Natural actions are formed by distinct motor acts, each of which is endowed with its own motor purpose (i.e., grasping), chained together to attain the final action goal.

T2-T4 sympathectomy versus T3-T4 sympathicotomy for palmar and axillary hyperhidrosis.

Objective: To evaluate and compare the immediate and long-term outcomes of videothoracoscopic T2-T4 sympathectomy and T3-T4 sympathicotomy for the treatment of palmar and axillary hyperhidrosis.

Methods: Between October 1993 and September 2007, we treated a total of 88 patients affected by palmar and axillary hyperhidrosis. Twenty-four patients underwent T2-T4 sympathectomy with 5-10 mm trocars (Group A), 43 T2-T4 sympathectomy with 2-5 mm trocars (Group B), 15 T3-T4 sympathicotomy with 5-10 mm trocars and 6 T3-T4 ganglion block with 2-5 mm trocars (Group C).