Recombinant soluble type I interferon receptor exerts antiviral activity by inducing proteins related to autophagy.

Unlabelled: The soluble type I IFN receptor (sIFNAR2) is produced by alternative splicing and is present in body fluids. Although it can modulate IFN-ß activity, its biological role remains unknown.

Methods: An in-silico study was conducted to compare the structure of recombinant human soluble IFNAR2 (r-sIFNAR2) with its native form.

Impact of inflammation on cognitive function in patients with highly inflammatory rheumatoid arthritis.

Objective: To evaluate cognitive function in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and inflammatory activity.

Patients And Methods: We performed a cross-sectional study of a cohort of patients with RA initiating their first biological treatment due to moderate-to-high inflammation and a healthy control group (no inflammatory diseases) matched for age, sex and educational level. All participants underwent a comprehensive neuropsychological assessment, with cognitive impairment defined as a Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) score<26.

A Systematic Review of the Predictive and Diagnostic Uses of Neuroinflammation Biomarkers for Epileptogenesis.

A central role for neuroinflammation in epileptogenesis has recently been suggested by several investigations. This systematic review explores the role of inflammatory mediators in epileptogenesis, its association with seizure severity, and its correlation with drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE). The study analysed articles published in JCR journals from 2019 to 2024.

Enhancing Cognitive Functions and Neuronal Growth through NPY1R Agonist and Ketamine Co-Administration: Evidence for NPY1R-TrkB Heteroreceptor Complexes in Rats.

This study investigates the combined effects of the neuropeptide Y Y1 receptor (NPY1R) agonist [Leu31-Pro34]NPY at a dose of 132 µg and Ketamine at 10 mg/Kg on cognitive functions and neuronal proliferation, against a backdrop where neurodegenerative diseases present an escalating challenge to global health systems. Utilizing male rats in a physiological model, this research employed a single-dose administration of these compounds and assessed their impact 24 h after treatment on object-in-place memory tasks, alongside cellular proliferation within the dorsal hippocampus dentate gyrus. Methods such as the in situ proximity ligation assay and immunohistochemistry for proliferating a cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and doublecortin (DCX) were utilized.

Potentiation of antidepressant effects: NPY1R agonist and ketamine synergy enhances TrkB signaling and neurogenesis in the ventral hippocampus.

Background: Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) poses a significant challenge to global health, with current treatments often limited by efficacy and onset delays. This study explores the synergistic antidepressant-like effects of an NPY1R agonist and Ketamine, targeting their neurobiological interactions within the ventral hippocampus.

Research Design And Methods: Utilizing a preclinical model, this study administered Neuropeptide Y receptor 1 (NPY1R) agonist and Ketamine, both separately and in combination, through intracerebroventricular (icv) and intranasal (i.

Enhanced neuronal survival and BDNF elevation via long-term co-activation of galanin 2 (GALR2) and neuropeptide Y1 receptors (NPY1R): potential therapeutic targets for major depressive disorder.

Background: Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is a prevalent and debilitating condition, necessitating novel therapeutic strategies due to the limited efficacy and adverse effects of current treatments. We explored how galanin receptor 2 (GALR2) and Neuropeptide Y1 Receptor (NPYY1R) agonists, working together, can boost brain cell growth and increase antidepressant-like effects in rats. This suggests new ways to treat Major Depressive Disorder (MDD).

Long-term enhancements in antidepressant efficacy and neurogenesis: Effects of intranasal co-administration of neuropeptide Y 1 receptor (NPY1R) and galanin receptor 2 (GALR2) agonists in the ventral hippocampus.

This study evaluates the sustained antidepressant-like effects and neurogenic potential of a 3-day intranasal co-administration regimen of galanin receptor 2 (GALR2) agonist M1145 and neuropeptide Y Y1 receptor (NPY1R) agonist [Leu31, Pro34]NPY in the ventral hippocampus of adult rats, with outcomes analyzed 3 weeks post-treatment. Utilizing the forced swimming test (FST), we found that this co-administration significantly enhances antidepressant-like behaviors, an effect neutralized by the GALR2 antagonist M871, highlighting the synergistic potential of these neuropeptides in modulating mood-related behaviors. In situ proximity ligation assay (PLA) indicated a significant increase in GALR2/NPYY1R heteroreceptor complexes in the ventral hippocampal dentate gyrus, suggesting a molecular basis for the behavioral outcomes observed.

Enhancement of neurogenesis and cognition through intranasal co-delivery of galanin receptor 2 (GALR2) and neuropeptide Y receptor 1 (NPY1R) agonists: a potential pharmacological strategy for cognitive dysfunctions.

Background: Spatial memory deficits and reduced neuronal survival contribute to cognitive decline seen in the aging process. Current treatments are limited, emphasizing the need for innovative therapeutic strategies. This research explored the combined effects of intranasally co-administered galanin receptor 2 (GALR2) and neuropeptide Y1 receptor (NPY1R) agonists, recognized for their neural benefits, on spatial memory, neuronal survival, and differentiation in adult rats.

Neuropeptide Y receptor 1 and galanin receptor 2 (NPY1R-GALR2) interactions in the dentate gyrus and their relevance for neurogenesis and cognition.

Introduction: This study may unveil novel insights into the interactions between neuropeptide Y receptor 1 (NPY1R) and galanin receptor 2 (GALR2), in the dentate gyrus of the dorsal hippocampus, shedding light on their role in neurogenesis and cognitive functions. Existing literature highlights the potential of these interactions in enhancing learning and memory, yet detailed mechanisms remain underexplored.

Methods: Utilizing intracerebroventricular injections of GALR2 and NPY1R agonists in Sprague-Dawley male rats, we examined neurogenesis via markers PCNA and DCX, and memory consolidation through the object-in-place task over a three-week period.

Effect of Cenobamate on Cognition in Patients with Drug-Resistant Epilepsy with Focal Onset Seizures: An Exploratory Study.

Background And Objective: Most second and third generation antiseizure medications (ASMs) are associated with cognitive adverse events, which are a major concern for patients. However, the profile of cognitive adverse events differs between ASMs. This study investigated the effects of cenobamate on cognition in patients with drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE) within the Spanish Expanded Access Program (EAP).

Comparing RNA extraction methods to face the variations in RNA quality using two human biological matrices.

Background: Nucleic acids, RNA among them, are widely used in biomedicine and Biotechnology. Because of their susceptibility to degradation by RNases, the handling and extraction process of RNA from cells and tissues require specialized personnel and standardized methods to guarantee high purity and integrity. Due to the diversity of techniques found in the market, a comparative study between different RNA extraction methods is useful to facilitate the best choice for the researcher or in research service platforms such as biobanks to see the traceability of the samples.

Natalizumab-immunogenicity evaluation in patients with infusion related events or disease exacerbations.

Introduction: Natalizumab is a biologic drug for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis that may induce the generation of anti-drug antibodies in some patients. Anti-natalizumab antibodies (ANA) increase the risk of adverse events and reduce efficacy, being useful biomarkers for monitoring treatment response.

Methods: Retrospective observational study including MS patients treated with natalizumab that experienced infusion-related events (IRE) or disease exacerbations (DE).

Environmental exposure to pesticides and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis in the South of Spain.

Objective: To determine if there is a relationship between environmental exposure to pesticides and the prevalence of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) in Andalusia.

Method: We carried out a case-control study using the logistic regression method to verify the relationship between the prevalence of ALS in the area exposed to pesticides versus the unexposed area, through the Odds Ratio statistical test.

Results: The study population consisted of 519 individuals diagnosed with ALS between January 2016 and December 2018 according to the CMBD (Minimum Basic Data Set) as cases.

Cenobamate and Clobazam Combination as Personalized Medicine in Autoimmune-Associated Epilepsy With Anti-Gad65 Antibodies.

Background And Objectives: Autoimmune-associated epilepsy (AAE) with antiglutamic acid decarboxylase 65 (GAD65) antibodies is considered a T-cell-mediated encephalitis that evolves to drug-resistant epilepsy. We do not have an effective therapeutic strategy for these patients. Because the GAD enzyme is primarily responsible for the conversion of glutamate to GABA, the mechanism of epileptogenesis in this condition predicts decreased levels of GABA content in synaptic vesicles.

Real-world safety and effectiveness of cenobamate in patients with focal onset seizures: Outcomes from an Expanded Access Program.

Objective: This study investigated early, real-world outcomes with cenobamate (CNB) in a large series of patients with highly drug-resistant epilepsy within a Spanish Expanded Access Program (EAP).

Method: This was a multicenter, retrospective, observational study in 14 hospitals. Inclusion criteria were age ≥18 years, focal seizures, and EAP authorization.

Prognostic Value of Persistent CSF Antibodies at 12 Months in Anti-NMDAR Encephalitis.

Background And Objectives: Anti-NMDA receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis is defined by the presence of antibodies (Abs) targeting the NMDAR in the CSF. This study aimed to determine the prognostic value of persistent CSF NMDAR-Abs during follow-up.

Methods: This retrospective observational study included patients diagnosed with anti-NMDAR encephalitis in the French Reference Center for Paraneoplastic Neurological Syndromes and Autoimmune Encephalitis and for whom CSF samples were obtained at diagnosis and >4 months of follow-up to evaluate CSF NMDAR-Ab persistence.

Plasma Concentrations of Neurofilament Light Chain Protein and Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor as Consistent Biomarkers of Cognitive Impairment in Alcohol Use Disorder.

For a long time, Substance Use Disorders (SUDs) were not considered a component in the etiology of dementia. The fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders introduced substance-induced neurocognitive disorders, incorporating this notion to clinical practice. However, detection and monitoring of neurodegenerative processes in SUD patients remain a major clinical challenge, especially when early diagnosis is required.

Outcomes from a Spanish Expanded Access Program on cannabidiol treatment in pediatric and adult patients with epilepsy.

Aim: To evaluate the effectiveness and tolerability of cannabidiol (CBD) in patients with developmental and epileptic encephalopathies, including Dravet syndrome (DS), and Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (LGS), in a Spanish Expanded Access Program (EAP).

Methods: This was a multicenter, retrospective, observational study of patients treated with purified CBD in 14 hospitals across Spain. Patients with (1) written informed consent and (2) at least 6 months follow-up before the closure of the database were included.

Functional outcomes of patients with NORSE and FIRES treated with immunotherapy: A systematic review.

Objective: To determine the frequency of good functional outcomes in patients with NORSE and FIRES treated with immunotherapy.

Methods: We performed a systematic search of the MedLine and EMBASE databases to gather studies including at least 5 patients with NORSE or FIRES and at least one patient treated with immunotherapy, and reporting functional outcomes. Good functional outcome was defined as a modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score ≤ 2 (or an equivalent measure) at the last available follow-up assessment.

Longitudinal Study of Cognitive Functioning in Adults with Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis.

Objective: To prospectively evaluate possible decline of cognitive functions in adult patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) and identify associated factors.

Patients And Methods: We performed a 24-month prospective observational study of adults (≥16 years) with JIA. The primary outcome measure was decline in cognitive function defined as a worsening of ≥2 points on the scales of the subsets administered to evaluate the different cognitive areas using the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) after 24 months: attention/concentration (digit span); verbal function (vocabulary); visual-spatial organization (block design); working memory (letter-number sequencing); and problem solving (similarities).

[Failure of an anti-CGRP monoclonal antibody in the treatment of migraine. Is it worthwhile trying another one?].

Introduction: Migraine is a highly prevalent neurological disease and the search for an effective treatment to improve the patient's quality of life is essential. In 2018, anti-CGRP monoclonal antibodies were approved in Spain as a preventive treatment, and have proved to be effective in reducing the number of migraine crisis per month compared to placebo.

Patients And Methods: We conducted a descriptive and retrospective study of 14 patients suffering from high-frequency or chronic episodic migraine, under follow-up in our headache unit, in whom an anti-CGRP monoclonal was changed due to its ineffectiveness.