Catatonia associated with pediatric postoperative cerebellar mutism syndrome.

Objective: To ascertain the presence of catatonia in cases of pediatric postoperative cerebellar mutism syndrome (PPCMS).

Method: A systematic review of PPCMS case reports of patients aged 0-17 years with sufficient clinical information to extract catatonic phenomena was undertaken following PRISMA guidelines. Standardized catatonia rating scales were applied to selected cases retrospectively to ascertain whether diagnostic criteria for catatonia were met.

Catatonia in older adults: A systematic review.

Background: Catatonia is a complex psychomotor syndrome that often goes unrecognized and untreated, even though its classification has evolved in recent years. Prompt and correct identification of catatonia allows for highly effective treatment and prevention of possible complications. The underrecognition of catatonia in older patients is also frequent, and research in this population is scarce.

Infection control and the prevalence, management and outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 infections in mental health wards in London, UK: lessons learned from wave 1 to wave 2.

Background: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) disease (COVID-19) has high morbidity and mortality in older adults and people with dementia. Infection control and prevention measures potentially reduce transmission within hospitals.

Aims: We aimed to replicate our earlier study of London mental health in-patients to examine changes in clinical guidance and practice and associated COVID-19 prevalence and outcomes between COVID-19 waves 1 and 2 (1 March to 30 April 2020 and 14 December 2020 to 15 February 2021).

Anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis in older adults: A systematic review of case reports.

Objective: To ascertain the clinical characteristics of anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis (NMDARE) in older patients.

Method: A systematic literature review using PubMed and Scopus of all published case reports of NMDARE was undertaken, from database inception to June 2020. From this, cases reporting on patients older than 65 years of age and whose diagnosis was confirmed by the presence of anti-NMDAR antibodies in CSF were selected.

Catatonia in pediatric obsessive-compulsive disorder: report of two cases.

Catatonia is a psychomotor syndrome which may occur in a wide variety of medical, neurological, and psychiatric conditions. In pediatrics, this condition is rare and is associated with high morbidity and mortality if not correctly diagnosed and treated. Catatonia in obsessive-compulsive disorder is an infrequent association that has been understudied and underdiagnosed.

Recognition and Management of Antipsychotic-Induced Parkinsonism in Older Adults: A Narrative Review.

Background: Parkinsonism is a common side-effect of antipsychotic drugs especially in older adults, who also present with a higher frequency of neurodegenerative disorders like Idiopathic Parkinson's disease (IPD). Distinguishing between antipsychotic-induced parkinsonism (AIP) and IPD is challenging due to clinical similarities. Up to 20% of older adults may suffer from persisting parkinsonism months after discontinuation of antipsychotics, suggesting underlying neurodegeneration.

Depression and depressive symptoms in patients with polymyalgia rheumatica: discussion points, grey areas and unmet needs emerging from a systematic review of published literature.

Objectives: In 1979, Bird et al. proposed depression as a diagnostic criterion for polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR). More recently, the significance of depression in PMR patients has been re-proposed, , and some researchers have suggested that PMR may increase the risk of depression.

Could COVID-19 anosmia and olfactory dysfunction trigger an increased risk of future dementia in patients with ApoE4?

The association of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) with significant neurological and neuropsychiatric complications has been increasingly reported, both during the acute illness and in its aftermath. However, due to the short duration of patient follow up until now, it is not clear whether this infection will be associated with longer-term neurological and/or neuropsychiatric sequelae. In particular, the question of whether COVID-19 will be associated with an increased risk and rate of future dementia remains open and subject to speculation.

Catatonia in elderly psychiatric inpatients is not always associated with intense anxiety: Factor analysis and correlation with psychopathology.

Objective: Catatonic stupor has been linked to extreme fear. Whether the underlying phenomenology of every catatonic dimension is intense anxiety or fear remains unknown.

Methods: One hundred and six patients aged ≥64 years were assessed for catatonia and clinical variables during the first 24 hours of admission.

Catatonia in N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor antibody encephalitis: Phenomenological characteristics from a systematic review of case reports.

Objective: To ascertain the phenomenological characterisation of catatonia in N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor antibody encephalitis (NMDAr-AbE).

Methods: A systematic review of case reports was undertaken in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. Case reports of NMDAr-AbE containing sufficient information on the cases' clinical presentation and meeting the study's inclusion criteria were selected.

Recognizing Catatonia in Medically Hospitalized Older Adults: Why It Matters.

Catatonia is a neuropsychiatric syndrome characterized by a variety of motor, behavioral, emotional, and autonomic abnormalities caused by general medical, neurological, and psychiatric disorders, as well as by medications and drugs of abuse. Although there has been a plethora of research on catatonia over the last twenty years, it is still underdiagnosed. Studies of catatonia involving older adults have been sparse, despite its apparent high prevalence, higher risk of serious complications, and of association with non-psychiatric causes.

Cognitive Function in Primary Sjögren's Syndrome: A Systematic Review.

Background: Cognitive disorders are reported to be common in patients with primary Sjogren's syndrome (pSS). In some cases, they are the first clinical manifestation, preceding the diagnosis of pSS by two years on average.

Aim: A systematic review was conducted to explore cognitive impairment in pSS, with reference to diagnostic methods and their relationship with laboratory data and clinical manifestations.

Behavioral, Psychiatric, and Cognitive Adverse Events in Older Persons Treated with Glucocorticoids.

Since the introduction of glucocorticoids (GCs) in the physician's pharmacological arsenal, it has been known that they are a cause of behavioral or psychiatric adverse events (BPAE), as well as of cognitive problems. To the best of our knowledge, the relationship between these adverse events and GCs in older persons has never been evaluated, except through case-reports or series with few cases. In this paper, a review of the literature regarding BPAEs and cognitive disorders in older people treated with CSs is undertaken.

Effects of different antihypertensive medication groups on cognitive function in older patients: A systematic review.

Background: Chronic hypertension has been associated with an increased risk of cognitive decline. Although a link between hypertension and cognitive decline has been established, there is less evidence supported by systematic reviews. The main aim was to compare different antihypertensive drug groups in relation to their effect on cognition in older patients without established dementia using a systematic review.

Catatonia in Patients with Dementia Admitted to a Geriatric Psychiatry Ward.

To determine the frequency and characteristics of catatonia in persons with dementia, all patients admitted to an old age psychiatry ward were screened for catatonia with the Bush-Francis Catatonia Screening Instrument (BFCSI) over a period of 6 months. Thirty-seven patients were admitted, and there were 14 patients with dementia. The rate of catatonia in these patients was 42.

Prevalence and characteristics of catatonia on admission to an acute geriatric psychiatry ward.

Background: This study aims to describe the prevalence of catatonia in a population of older acute psychiatric inpatients according to different diagnostic criteria. Secondary objectives are: to compare the catatonic symptom profile, prevalence, and severity, in respect to the underlying aetiology, and to evaluate the association between catatonic and somatic comorbidity.

Methods: The study included 106 patients admitted to an acute geriatric psychiatry ward.

Prevalence and clinical correlations of catatonia in older adults referred to a liaison psychiatry service in a general hospital.

Aim: To determine the frequency and clinical correlations of catatonia in older patients referred to a liaison psychiatry service in a general hospital.

Patients And Methods: All patients over 65 years referred to liaison psychiatry were screened for catatonic phenomena with the Bush-Francis Catatonia Screening Instrument (BFCSI) between January and May 2012. Their clinical characteristics and the outcome of treatment were recorded.

Catatonia in the emergency department.

Disturbances of the level of awareness are a frequent motive of attendance to emergency departments where the initial assessment and management will determine the direction of their outcome. The syndrome of catatonia must be taken into consideration and although it is normally associated with psychiatric diagnoses, it is also very often found in a great variety of neurological and medical conditions. Due to the clinical complexity of catatonia, there are still difficulties in its correct identification and initial management, something that leads to diagnostic delays and increased morbidity and mortality.

Dopamine transporter binding in Gilles de la Tourette syndrome: a [123I]FP-CIT/SPECT study.

Objective: To investigate dopamine transporter binding in Gilles de la Tourette syndrome (GTS) with SPECT and [123I]FP-CIT.

Method: Ten neuroleptic naïve/free patients with GTS, and 10 age- and gender-matched normal volunteers were studied. Subjects were clinically evaluated.

Evidence supporting a cognitive model of depression in Parkinson's disease.

The objective of this study was to explore the possibility that depression in Parkinson disease (PD) arises from an illness-related vulnerability to negative emotional stimuli. The Color-Word and Emotional Stroop tasks were performed by 27 nondepressed patients with PD and 27 healthy volunteers. Patients with PD showed greater interference to the sad words of the Emotional Stroop than did control patients, despite similar performances to the controls on the neutral and Color-Word Stroop tasks.

Neuropsychiatry of the basal ganglia.

This review aims to relate recent findings describing the role and neural connectivity of the basal ganglia to the clinical neuropsychiatry of basal ganglia movement disorders and to the role of basal ganglia disturbances in "psychiatric"' states. Articles relating to the relevant topics were initially collected through MEDLINE and papers relating to the clinical conditions discussed were also reviewed. The anatomy and connections of the basal ganglia indicate that these structures are important links between parts of the brain that have classically been considered to be related to emotional functioning and brain regions previously considered to have largely motor functions.