Reasons given for non-vaccination and under-vaccination of children and adolescents in sub-Saharan Africa: A systematic review.

To achieve the full benefits of vaccination, it is key to understand the underlying causes of low vaccination by researching the barriers to vaccination at a local level. This systematic literature review aims to identify the reasons given by community members for the non-vaccination and under-vaccination of children and adolescents in sub-Saharan Africa. PubMed, Web of Science, PsycINFO, African Index Medicus, and African Journals Online databases were searched to identify articles published between 2010 and 2020.

The Economic, Medical and Psychosocial Consequences of Whole Genome Sequencing for the Genetic Diagnosis of Patients With Intellectual Disability: The DEFIDIAG Study Protocol.

Like other countries, France has invested in a national medical genomics program. Among the four pilot research studies, the DEFIDIAG project focuses on the use of whole genome sequencing (WGS) for patients with intellectual disability (ID), a neurodevelopmental condition affecting 1-3% of the general population but due to a plethora of genes. However, the access to genomic analyses has many potential individual and societal issues in addition to the technical challenges.

Genome Sequencing for Genetics Diagnosis of Patients With Intellectual Disability: The DEFIDIAG Study.

Intellectual Disability (ID) is the most common cause of referral to pediatric genetic centers, as it affects around 1-3% of the general population and is characterized by a wide genetic heterogeneity. The Genome Sequencing (GS) approach is expected to achieve a higher diagnostic yield than exome sequencing given its wider and more homogenous coverage, and, since theoretically, it can more accurately detect variations in regions traditionally not well captured and identify structural variants, or intergenic/deep intronic putatively pathological events. The decreasing cost of sequencing, the progress in data-management and bioinformatics, prompted us to assess GS efficiency as the first line procedure to identify the molecular diagnosis in patients without obvious ID etiology.

Leaning towards Cytomegalovirus serological screening in pregnancy to prevent congenital infection: a cost-effectiveness perspective.

Objective: To assess the cost-effectiveness of prenatal detection of congenital cytomegalovirus (cCMV) following maternal primary infection in the first trimester within standard pregnancy follow-up or involving population-based screening (serological testing at 7 and 12 weeks of gestation), with or without secondary prevention (valaciclovir) in maternal CMV primary infection.

Design: Cost-effectiveness study from the perspective of the French national health insurance system.

Setting: Cost-effectiveness based on previously published probability estimates and associated plausible ranges hypothetical population of 1,000,000 pregnant women.

COVID-19-related attitudes, risk perceptions, preventive behaviours and economic impact in sub-Saharan African countries: implementing a longitudinal phone-based survey protocol in rural Senegalese households.

Introduction: Rural areas are considered safe havens against the increased spread of COVID-19 and associated restrictive measures, especially in contexts where public authorities are not in a position to systematically and substantially ease COVID-19-induced economic shocks. In the current sub-Saharan Africa context, still marked by uncertainty surrounding the spread of COVID-19, we present the protocol of an ongoing longitudinal study aimed at investigating COVID-19-related attitudes, risks perceptions, preventive behaviours and economic impact in rural areas in Senegal.

Methods And Analysis: A prospective randomised longitudinal study of 600 households located in three semiurban villages and nine randomly selected rural villages in the Niakhar area (located 135 km East of Dakar).

Beliefs and Risk Perceptions About COVID-19: Evidence From Two Successive French Representative Surveys During Lockdown.

Background: The outbreak of COVID-19 has been a major interrupting event, challenging how societies and individuals deal with risk. An essential determinant of the virus' spread is a series of individual decisions, such as wearing face masks in public space. Those decisions depend on trade-offs between costs (or benefits) and risks, and beliefs are key to explain these.

Physicians' decision processes about the HPV vaccine: A qualitative study.

Background: The contemporary crisis of trust in vaccines has severely impaired acceptance of the HPV vaccine, especially in France, where its uptake culminated at 23.7% in 2018 (complete course at age 16). Physicians' recommendations strongly influence its acceptance/refusal.

Attitudes about COVID-19 Lockdown among General Population, France, March 2020.

Because the effectiveness of a coronavirus disease lockdown in curbing coronavirus disease spread depends on public support, acquiring real-time information about the way populations reacted to the lockdown is crucial. In France, such public support remained fragile among low-income persons, probably because the lockdown exacerbated preexisting social inequalities and conflicts.

Regional variations of childhood immunisations in Senegal: a multilevel analysis.

Objectives: To estimate geographical variations of child immunisation at the regional level in Senegal, to identify individual and contextual factors that could explain these regional discrepancies, and to measure their effects.

Methods: Data come from the 2015, 2016 and 2017 Senegalese Demographic and Health Survey, a national survey targeting women aged 15-49, with a questionnaire focusing on health and reproductive issues including their children's immunisation status. We restricted the analysis to children aged 12-23 months (n = 4955) and conducted a multilevel logistic regression to assess individual and contextual factors associated with complete immunisation coverage.

Vaccination card availability and childhood immunization in Senegal.

Background: The World Health Organization recommends recording vaccination status according to maternal recall in countries where administrative reporting systems are insufficiently reliable, as maternal recall in developing countries has been shown to be quite reliable compared with data from vaccination cards. This study aimed to investigate childhood vaccination coverage and its determinants according to the mothers' presentation of vaccination cards.

Methods: The data come from the 2017 Senegalese Demographic and Health Survey, a nationally representative household survey of women aged 15-49 years, with a questionnaire focusing on children's health.

Asymmetric participation of defenders and critics of vaccines to debates on French-speaking Twitter.

For more than a decade, doubt about vaccines has become an increasingly important global issue. Polarization of opinions on this matter, especially through social media, has been repeatedly observed, but details about the balance of forces are left unclear. In this paper, we analyse the flow of information on vaccines on the French-speaking realm of Twitter between 2016 and 2017.

Determinants of childhood immunizations in Senegal: Adding previous shots to sociodemographic background.

. Today, in Sub-Saharan Africa, vaccine-preventable diseases still contribute heavily to high child mortality. Maintaining high coverage rates for childhood vaccines and reducing related social inequalities are public health priorities in Senegal.

The cost-effectiveness of neonatal versus prenatal screening for congenital toxoplasmosis.

Background: Congenital Toxoplasmosis (CT) can have severe consequences. France, Austria, and Slovenia have prenatal screening programs whereas some other countries are considering universal screening to reduce congenital transmission and severity of infection in children. The efficiency of such programs is debated increasingly as seroprevalence among pregnant women and incidence of congenital toxoplasmosis show a steady decrease.

Women's Attitudes Toward Invasive and Noninvasive Testing When Facing a High Risk of Fetal Down Syndrome.

Importance: Noninvasive prenatal testing (NIPT) using cell-free DNA in maternal blood is increasingly common compared with invasive testing (IT) in routine antenatal detection of Down syndrome (DS).

Objective: To assess attitudes and decision making in pregnant women facing a risk of fetal DS greater than 1 in 250 as established by combined first trimester screening at 11 to 14 weeks of gestation.

Design, Setting, And Participants: Survey study in which data were collected from pregnant women at high risk of fetal DS participating in a randomized clinical trial.

Lyme disease: Insight from social sciences.

This article is a selective literature review of social science works published on Lyme disease that draws on other articles published on similar health hazards. These works present Lyme borreliosis as an "archetypal" example of modern infectious risks. It is an "invisible" risk resulting from interactions between human activities, ecosystems, and pathogens.

France's citizen consultation on vaccination and the challenges of participatory democracy in health.

Background: Confronted with a rise in vaccine hesitancy, public health officials increasingly try to involve the public in the policy decision-making process to foster consensus and public acceptability. In public debates and citizen consultations tensions can arise between the principles of science and of democracy. To illustrate this, we analyzed the 2016 citizen consultation on vaccination organized in France.

Discounting health and money: New evidence using a more robust method.

This study compares discounting for money and health in a field study. We applied the direct method, which measures discounting independent of utility, in a representative French sample, interviewed at home by professional interviewers. We found more discounting for money than for health.

Chronic neuropathic pain negatively associated with employment retention of cancer survivors: evidence from a national French survey.

Purpose: Chronic neuropathic pain (CNP) is more prevalent among cancer survivors than among the general population. This study aims to investigate the role of CNP on job retention among cancer survivors, 5 years after diagnosis.

Methods: In 2015, 2009 individuals diagnosed with cancer in 2010 were interviewed in the French national survey VIe après le CANcer.

PAP assays in newborn screening for cystic fibrosis: a population-based cost-effectiveness study.

Objectives: To compare the cost effectiveness of adding a pancreatitis-associated protein (PAP) assay to common immunoreactive trypsinogen (IRT) and DNA cystic fibrosis (CF) newborn screening strategies.

Methods: Using data collected on 553,167 newborns, PAP cut-offs were calculated based on non-inferiority of the detection rates of classical forms of CF. Cost effectiveness was considered from the third-party payer's perspective using only direct medical costs, and the unit costs of PAP assays were assessed based on a micro-costing study.

The labour market, psychosocial outcomes and health conditions in cancer survivors: protocol for a nationwide longitudinal survey 2 and 5 years after cancer diagnosis (the VICAN survey).

Introduction: Today, a growing need exists for greater research into cancer survivorship, focusing on different spheres of the day-to-day life of diagnosed patients. This article describes the design and implementation of VICAN (VIe après le CANcer), a national survey on French cancer survivors.

Method And Analysis: The target population included patients aged 18-82, diagnosed with cancer between January and June 2010, and registered in one of the three main French Health Insurance Schemes.

[An economic perspective on targeted treatments].

In the current context of crisis in the field of drug research and patients' increasing demand for greater involvement in the decision-making about their treatment, the possibility of a more personal tailored approach to medicine is emerging. This raises questions about the clinical benefits of targeted therapeutic approaches versus the cost of determining which patients are likely to benefit the most, and protecting the others from the toxicity of inappropriate treatments. Although cost-effectiveness studies shed light on this issue, the conclusions to which they point tend to be obscured by interdependence between the pricing of these tests and the cost of the treatments involved.