Proximal aortic arch cannulation for proximal ascending aortic aneurysms.

Introduction: Different arterial inflow sites have been reported to date for particularly challenging cardiac operations. The ascending aorta, femoral artery, and subclavian artery are the most commonly used sites. Although its use has been reported, the aortic arch has not gained popularity in the performance of cannulation.

Challenges in development and implementation of health-risk-based soil quality guidelines: Turkey's experience.

Management of contaminated sites is a critical environmental issue around the world due to the human health risk involved for many sites and scarcity of funding. Moreover, clean-up costs of all contaminated sites to their background levels with existing engineering technologies may be financially infeasible and demand extended periods of operation time. Given these constraints, to achieve optimal utilization of available funds and prioritization of contaminated sites that need immediate attention, health-risk-based soil quality guidelines should be preferred over the traditional soil quality standards.

Implementation of the European Union's Bathing Water Directive in Turkey.

The European Union (EU) Bathing Water Directive (2006/7/EC) sets out standards for designated bathing waters which should be complied with by all Member States. Turkey, being a candidate country to the EU, requires heavy-cost investments in achieving approximation with the EU Environmental Acquis. This paper provides a description of the technical measures and investment and operational cost assessment related to the implementation of the Bathing Water Directive in Turkey.