The Relation Between the Emergence of Fluoroquinolone Resistance and Fluoroquinolone Exposure in New Cases of Active Pulmonary Tuberculosis.

Objective: This study aimed to determine the ratio of fluoroquinolone (FQ) exposure before the diagnosis of patients with a new case of active pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) and to investigate the correlation of this treatment with the emergence of FQ-resistant strains.

Material And Methods: In this retrospective comparative case series study, a total of 132 patients, who had been diagnosed with adult, culture-positive, active pulmonary TB were reviewed. The FQ group had 30 patients who had had ≥1 time and ≥7 days of FQ exposure within 1 year before the diagnoses.

In vitro effects of ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin and moxifloxacin on Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates.

Introduction: Increased tuberculosis prevalence, and isolation of multidrug resistant (MDR) Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains frequently as causative organisms from tuberculosis infections are resulted in increasing need of new anti-tuberculosis drugs. Nowadays, fluoroquinolones known to have fewer side effects than the other drugs used in treatment of tuberculosis are sometimes assessed even as first-line anti-tuberculosis drugs due to their in vitro and in vivo strong activity. It was aimed in this study to investigate phenotypically the fluoroquinolone susceptibility in MDR and non-MDR M.

Contribution of cell block obtained by endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration in the diagnosis of malignant diseases and sarcoidosis.

Aim: Endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) is a safe and minimally invasive procedure that can be performed in outpatient settings. Several studies have demonstrated the usefulness of EBUS-TBNA in the diagnosis of sarcoidosis and malignant diseases. This study focused on the role of cell block (CB) analysis in determining the diagnostic yield of EBUS-TBNA in malignant diseases and sarcoidosis.

Diagnostic yield of EBUS-TBNA for lymphoma and review of the literature.

Aim: Endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA), which enables cytological examination of mediastinal lymph node (LN) aspiration samples, is a safe and minimally invasive method for diagnosis and staging of lung cancer and diagnosis of diseases affecting mediastinal LNs. In this study, we investigated the yield of EBUS-TBNA for diagnosis of lymphoma and reviewed the literature since the British Thoracic Society (BTS) guidelines were published.

Materials And Methods: We retrospectively evaluated our database for patients who underwent EBUS between March 2011 and December 2014.

[Investigation of bacterial etiology with conventional and multiplex PCR methods in adult patients with community-acquired pneumonia].

Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is still a serious life-threatening disease, in which the etiologic agent cannot be identified in more than 50% of patients despite advanced diagnostic methods. The most commonly used methods in the determination of CAP etiology are culture and serological tests. Since early and accurate therapy reduces the mortality in CAP cases, rapid and reliable diagnostic methods are needed.

Noninvasive assisted pressure-controlled ventilation: as effective as pressure support ventilation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease?

Background: Noninvasive ventilation (NIV) is being increasingly used in hypercapnic chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients but the most appropriate ventilation mode is still not known.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate if assisted pressure-controlled ventilation (APCV) can be a better alternative to pressure-support ventilation (PSV) for NIV in COPD patients with acute hypercapnic respiratory failure (AHRF).

Methods: In this prospective randomized study, we evaluated the early effects of noninvasive APCV and PSV in 34 consecutive COPD patients with AHRF.

Hydatid cyst presenting as an eosinophilic pleural effusion.

A 61-year-old woman presented with an eosinophilic pleural effusion, secondary to transdiaphragmatic intrapleural spread of an hepatic hydatid cyst. Right posterolateral thoracotomy and frenotomy revealed a loculated pleural effusion associated with a 10 x 8 cm hydatid cyst in the posterior segment of the liver. Hydatid disease should be included in the differential diagnosis of eosinophilic pleural effusions in endemic regions.