Direct actions of growth hormone in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, skeletal muscle cells in vitro.

The growth hormone (GH)-insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) system regulates skeletal muscle growth and function. GH has a major function of targeting the liver to regulate IGF-1 production and release, and IGF-1 mediates the primary anabolic action of GH on growth. However, skeletal muscle is a target tissue of GH as evidenced by dynamic GH receptor expression, but it is unclear if GH elicits any direct actions on extrahepatic tissues as it is difficult to distinguish the effects of IGF-1 from GH.

Erratum: Ferosekhan et al. Influence of Genetic Selection for Growth and Broodstock Diet n-3 LC-PUFA Levels on Reproductive Performance of Gilthead Seabream, . 2021, , 519.

The authors wish to make the following corrections to this paper [...

Influence of Genetic Selection for Growth and Broodstock Diet n-3 LC-PUFA Levels on Reproductive Performance of Gilthead Seabream, .

Genetic selection in gilthead seabream (GSB), has been undertaken to improve the growth, feed efficiency, fillet quality, skeletal deformities and disease resistance, but no study is available to delineate the effect of genetic selection for growth trait on GSB reproductive performance under mass spawning condition. In this study, high growth (HG) or low growth (LG) GSB broodstock were selected to evaluate the sex steroid hormones, sperm, egg quality and reproductive performance under different feeding regime of commercial diet or experimental broodstock diet containing either fish oil (FO) or vegetable oil (VO) based diet. Under commercial diet feeding phase, broodstock selected for either high growth or low growth did not show any significant changes in the egg production per kg female whereas egg viability percentage was positively ( = 0.

Influence of Parental Fatty Acid Desaturase 2 () Expression and Diet on Gilthead Seabream () Offspring Expression during Ontogenesis.

Previous studies have shown that it is possible to increase the ability of marine fish to produce long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid from their 18C precursors by nutritional programming or using broodstock with a higher fatty acyl desaturase 2 () expression. However, those studies failed to show the effect of these interventions on the expression of the gene in the developing egg. Moreover, there were no studies on the temporal expression of the during ontogeny in the gilthead sea bream ().

Parental LC-PUFA biosynthesis capacity and nutritional intervention with alpha-linolenic acid affect performance of progeny.

Environmental factors such as nutritional interventions during early developmental stages affect and establish long-term metabolic changes in all animals. Diet during the spawning period has a nutritional programming effect in offspring of gilthead seabream and affects long-term metabolism. Studies showed modulation of genes such as , which is considered to be a rate-limiting step in the synthesis of -3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (-3 LC-PUFA).

Reproductive performance of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) broodstock showing different expression of fatty acyl desaturase 2 and fed two dietary fatty acid profiles.

Previous studies have shown that it is possible to nutritionally program gilthead seabream offspring through fish oil (FO) replacement by vegetable oils (VO) in the broodstock diet, to improve their ability to grow fast when fed low fish meal (FM) and FO diets during grow-out phase. However, in those studies broodstock performance was reduced by the VO contained diet. Therefore, the present study aimed to determine if it is possible to replace FO by a mixture of FO and rapeseed oil (RO) with a specific fatty acid profile in broodstock diets, without altering gilthead seabream broodstock reproductive performance.

The Relationship between the Expression of Fatty Acyl Desaturase 2 () Gene in Peripheral Blood Cells (PBCs) and Liver in Gilthead Seabream, Broodstock Fed a Low n-3 LC-PUFA Diet.

The principle aim of this study is to elucidate the relationship between the fatty acid desaturase 2 gene () expression pattern in peripheral blood cells (PBCs) and liver of gilthead seabream (GSB), broodstock in order to determine the possible use of expression as a potential biomarker for the selection of broodstock. This selection could be utilized for breeding programs aiming to improve reproduction, health, and nutritional status. Passive Integrated Transponder (PIT)-tagged GSB broodstock (Male-1.

Effects of Dietary Lipid Composition and Fatty Acid Desaturase 2 Expression in Broodstock Gilthead Sea Bream on Lipid Metabolism-Related Genes and Methylation of the Gene Promoter in Their Offspring.

Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in parental diets play a key role in regulating LC-PUFA metabolism of the offspring. However, it is not clear whether this metabolic regulation is driven by the precursors presented in the diet or by the parental ability to synthesize them. To elucidate this, broodstocks of gilthead sea bream with different blood expression levels of , which encodes for the rate-limiting enzyme in the LC-PUFA synthesis pathway, were fed either a diet supplemented with alpha-linolenic acid (ALA, 18:3) or a control diet.

Stearoyl-CoA desaturase () is epigenetically regulated by broodstock nutrition in gilthead sea bream ().

The aim of this study was to generate new knowledge on fish epigenetics, assessing the effects of linolenic acid (ALA) conditioning of broodstock in the offspring of the marine fish . Attention was focused on gene organization, methylation signatures and gene expression patterns of fatty acid desaturase 2 () and stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1a (). Blat searches in the genomic IATS-CSIC database (www.

Long-chain PUFA profiles in parental diets induce long-term effects on growth, fatty acid profiles, expression of fatty acid desaturase 2 and selected immune system-related genes in the offspring of gilthead seabream.

The present study investigated the effects of nutritional programming through parental feeding on offspring performance and expression of selected genes related to stress resistance in a marine teleost. Gilthead seabream broodstock were fed diets containing various fish oil (FO)/vegetable oil ratios to determine their effects on offspring performance along embryogenesis, larval development and juvenile on-growing periods. Increased substitution of dietary FO by linseed oil (LO) up to 80 % LO significantly reduced the total number of eggs produced by kg per female per spawn.

Parental nutritional programming and a reminder during juvenile stage affect growth, lipid metabolism and utilisation in later developmental stages of a marine teleost, the gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata).

Nutrition during periconception and early development can modulate metabolic routes to prepare the offspring for adverse conditions through a process known as nutritional programming. In gilthead sea bream, replacement of fish oil (FO) with linseed oil (LO) in broodstock diets improves growth in the 4-month-old offspring challenged with low-FO and low-fishmeal (FM) diets for 1 month. The present study further investigated the effects of broodstock feeding on the same offspring when they were 16 months old and were challenged for a second time with the low-FM and low-FO diet for 2 months.