The application of radiomics in cancer imaging with a focus on lung cancer, renal cell carcinoma, gastrointestinal cancer, and head and neck cancer: A systematic review.

Purpose: To study the application of radiomics in cancer imaging with a focus on lung cancer, renal cell carcinoma, gastrointestinal cancer, and head and neck cancer.

Methods: Different electronic databases were considered. Articles published in the last five years were analyzed (January 2019 and December 2023).

Endometrial cancer in the elderly: Characteristics, prognostic and risk factors, and treatment options.

Endometrial cancer incidence and related mortality are on the rise due to aging demographics. This population often presents with unfavorable features, such as myometrial invasion, non-endometrioid histology, high-grade tumors, worse prognosis, etc. The role of age as an independent prognostic factor is still debated, and screening tools addressing frailty emerge as pivotal in guiding treatment decisions; however, they are still underutilized.

Risk Assessment and Radiomics Analysis in Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Pancreatic Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasms (IPMN).

Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMNs) are a very common incidental finding during patient radiological assessment. These lesions may progress from low-grade dysplasia (LGD) to high-grade dysplasia (HGD) and even pancreatic cancer. The IPMN progression risk grows with time, so discontinuation of surveillance is not recommended.

Machine learning and radiomics analysis by computed tomography in colorectal liver metastases patients for RAS mutational status prediction.

Purpose: To assess the efficacy of machine learning and radiomics analysis by computed tomography (CT) in presurgical setting, to predict RAS mutational status in colorectal liver metastases.

Methods: Patient selection in a retrospective study was carried out from January 2018 to May 2021 considering the following inclusion criteria: patients subjected to surgical resection for liver metastases; proven pathological liver metastases; patients subjected to enhanced CT examination in the presurgical setting with a good quality of images; and RAS assessment as standard reference. A total of 851 radiomics features were extracted using the PyRadiomics Python package from the Slicer 3D image computing platform after slice-by-slice segmentation on CT portal phase by two expert radiologists of each individual liver metastasis performed first independently by the individual reader and then in consensus.

Scientific Status Quo of Small Renal Lesions: Diagnostic Assessment and Radiomics.

Small renal masses (SRMs) are defined as contrast-enhanced renal lesions less than or equal to 4 cm in maximal diameter, which can be compatible with stage T1a renal cell carcinomas (RCCs). Currently, 50-61% of all renal tumors are found incidentally. : The characteristics of the lesion influence the choice of the type of management, which include several methods SRM of management, including nephrectomy, partial nephrectomy, ablation, observation, and also stereotactic body radiotherapy.

An Informative Review of Radiomics Studies on Cancer Imaging: The Main Findings, Challenges and Limitations of the Methodologies.

The aim of this informative review was to investigate the application of radiomics in cancer imaging and to summarize the results of recent studies to support oncological imaging with particular attention to breast cancer, rectal cancer and primitive and secondary liver cancer. This review also aims to provide the main findings, challenges and limitations of the current methodologies. Clinical studies published in the last four years (2019-2022) were included in this review.

Radiomics and machine learning analysis by computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging in colorectal liver metastases prognostic assessment.

Objective: The aim of this study was the evaluation radiomics analysis efficacy performed using computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging in the prediction of colorectal liver metastases patterns linked to patient prognosis: tumor growth front; grade; tumor budding; mucinous type. Moreover, the prediction of liver recurrence was also evaluated.

Methods: The retrospective study included an internal and validation dataset; the first was composed by 119 liver metastases from 49 patients while the second consisted to 28 patients with single lesion.

Diffusion and Perfusion Imaging in Rectal Cancer Restaging.

The assessment of tumor response, after neoadjuvant radiochemotherapy (n-CRT), permits the stratification of patients for the proper therapeutical management. Although histopathology analysis of the surgical speciemen is considered the gold standard for assessing tumor response, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), with its significant developments in technical imaging, have allowed an increase in accuracy for the evaluation of response. MRI provides a radiological tumor regression grade (mrTRG) that is correlated with the pathologic tumor regression grade (pTRG).

Colorectal liver metastases patients prognostic assessment: prospects and limits of radiomics and radiogenomics.

In this narrative review, we reported un up-to-date on the role of radiomics to assess prognostic features, which can impact on the liver metastases patient treatment choice. In the liver metastases patients, the possibility to assess mutational status (RAS or MSI), the tumor growth pattern and the histological subtype (NOS or mucinous) allows a better treatment selection to avoid unnecessary therapies. However, today, the detection of these features require an invasive approach.

Plasma metabolomics, lipidomics and cytokinomics profiling predict disease recurrence in metastatic colorectal cancer patients undergoing liver resection.

Purpose: In metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) patients (pts), treatment strategies integrating liver resection with induction chemotherapy offer better 5-year survival rates than chemotherapy alone. However, liver resection is a complex and costly procedure, and recurrence occurs in almost 2/3rds of pts, suggesting the need to identify those at higher risk. The aim of this work was to evaluate whether the integration of plasma metabolomics and lipidomics combined with the multiplex analysis of a large panel of plasma cytokines can be used to predict the risk of relapse and other patient outcomes after liver surgery, beyond or in combination with clinical morphovolumetric criteria.

Risk Assessment and Pancreatic Cancer: Diagnostic Management and Artificial Intelligence.

Pancreatic cancer (PC) is one of the deadliest cancers, and it is responsible for a number of deaths almost equal to its incidence. The high mortality rate is correlated with several explanations; the main one is the late disease stage at which the majority of patients are diagnosed. Since surgical resection has been recognised as the only curative treatment, a PC diagnosis at the initial stage is believed the main tool to improve survival.

Multimodality Imaging Assessment of Desmoid Tumors: The Great Mime in the Era of Multidisciplinary Teams.

Desmoid tumors (DTs), also known as desmoid fibromatosis or aggressive fibromatosis, are rare, locally invasive, non-metastatic soft tissue tumors. Although histological results represent the gold standard diagnosis, imaging represents the fundamental tool for the diagnosis of these tumors. Although histological analysis represents the gold standard for diagnosis, imaging represents the fundamental tool for the diagnosis of these tumors.

Imaging Assessment of Interval Metastasis from Melanoma.

Interval metastasis is a particular metastatic category of metastatic localizations in the lymph nodes in patients with melanoma. Interval nodes are generally located at nonregional lymphatic stations placed along the pathway of the spread of melanoma, such as the epitrochlear lymph node station, the popliteal fossa, and the retroareolar station. Imaging techniques for evaluation of patients with interval metastasis from melanoma diseases include ultrasound (US), computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), lymphoscintigraphy (LS), and positron emission tomography (PET).

Management of cutaneous melanoma: radiologists challenging and risk assessment.

Melanoma patient remains a challenging for the radiologist, due to the difficulty related to the management of a patient more often in an advanced stage of the disease. It is necessary to determine a stratification of risk, optimizing the means, with diagnostic tools that should be optimized in relation to the type of patient, and improving knowledge. Staging and risk assessment procedures are determined by disease presentation at diagnosis.

Preoperative localisation of nonpalpable breast lesions using magnetic markers in a tertiary cancer centre.

Background: We retrospectively evaluated safety and performance of magnetic seed localisation of nonpalpable breast lesions.

Methods: We reviewed records of patients with nonpalpable breast lesions preoperative localised by placing magnetic Magseed® marker between February 2019 and December 2020. During surgery, Sentimag® magnetic probe was used to localise the marker and guide surgery.

Nivolumab-ipilimumab in renal cell carcinoma metastatic to the bones: A case report.

In the last recent years, the introduction in the clinical setting of treatment combinations having immune checkpoint inhibitors as the backbone has dramatically improved the outcomes of patients suffering from advanced/metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Here we report the clinical course of a patient with a rapid and bulky bone recurrence of RCC after nephrectomy, experiencing long-term benefit from nivolumab-ipilimumab administered as first-line treatment.

Radiomics and machine learning analysis based on magnetic resonance imaging in the assessment of liver mucinous colorectal metastases.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the Radiomics and Machine Learning Analysis based on MRI in the assessment of Liver Mucinous Colorectal Metastases.Query METHODS: The cohort of patients included a training set (121 cases) and an external validation set (30 cases) with colorectal liver metastases with pathological proof and MRI study enrolled in this approved study retrospectively. About 851 radiomics features were extracted as median values by means of the PyRadiomics tool on volume on interest segmented manually by two expert radiologists.

Complications Risk Assessment and Imaging Findings of Thermal Ablation Treatment in Liver Cancers: What the Radiologist Should Expect.

One of the major fields of application of ablation treatment is liver tumors. With respect to HCC, ablation treatments are considered as upfront treatments in patients with early-stage disease, while in colorectal liver metastases (CLM), they can be employed as an upfront treatment or in association with surgical resection. The main prognostic feature of ablation is the tumor size, since the goal of the treatment is the necrosis of all viable tumor tissue with an adequate tumor-free margin.

Analysis of a monocentric computed tomography dosimetric database using a radiation dose index monitoring software: dose levels and alerts before and after the implementation of the adaptive statistical iterative reconstruction on CT images.

Objective: To analyze dosimetric data of a single center by a radiation dose index monitoring software evaluating quantitatively the dose reduction obtained with the implementation of the adaptive statistical iterative reconstruction (ASIR) on Computed Tomography in terms of both the value of the dose length product (DLP) and the alerts provided by the dose tool.

Methods: Dosimetric quantities were acquired using Qaelum DOSE tool (QAELUM NV, Leuven-Heverlee, Belgium). Dose data pertaining to CT examinations were performed using a General Electric Healthcare CT tomography with 64 detectors.

Magnetic Resonance Features of Liver Mucinous Colorectal Metastases: What the Radiologist Should Know.

Purpose: The aim of this study is to assess MRI features of mucinous liver metastases compared to non-mucinous metastases and hepatic hemangioma. Methods: A radiological archive was assessed from January 2017 to June 2021 to select patients subjected to liver resection for CRCLM and MRI in the staging phase. We selected 20 patients with hepatic hemangioma (study group B).

CT-Based Radiomics Analysis to Predict Histopathological Outcomes Following Liver Resection in Colorectal Liver Metastases.

Purpose: We aimed to assess the efficacy of radiomic features extracted by computed tomography (CT) in predicting histopathological outcomes following liver resection in colorectal liver metastases patients, evaluating recurrence, mutational status, histopathological characteristics (mucinous), and surgical resection margin.

Methods: This retrospectively approved study included a training set and an external validation set. The internal training set included 49 patients with a median age of 60 years and 119 liver colorectal metastases.

Radiomics textural features by MR imaging to assess clinical outcomes following liver resection in colorectal liver metastases.

Purpose: To assess the efficacy of radiomics features obtained by T2-weighted sequences to predict clinical outcomes following liver resection in colorectal liver metastases patients.

Methods: This retrospective analysis was approved by the local Ethical Committee board and radiological databases were interrogated, from January 2018 to May 2021, to select patients with liver metastases with pathological proof and MRI study in pre-surgical setting. The cohort of patients included a training set and an external validation set.