Upper Airway Changes and OSAS Risk in Patients after Mandibular Setback Surgery to Treat III Class Skeletal Malocclusion.

Introduction: Mandibular setback surgery (MSS) is one of the treatment options to resolve mandibular prognathism in patients suffering from skeletal class III malocclusion, which cannot be treated with simple orthodontic treatment. The mandibular setback surgical operation can involve changes in the pharyngeal morphology, resulting in a narrowing of the posterior airway space (PAS). This aspect is associated with an increase in airflow resistance, which increases the risk of developing snoring or obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS).

The Effect of Different Condition of Pulpal Pressure on Microtensile Bond Strength of Several Dentin Bonding Agents on Deep and Superficial Dentin.

The objective of this study was to examine the effect of different conditions of simulated hydrostatic pulpal pressure on the μTBS of HEMA-based and HEMA-free dentin bonding agents (DBAs). The influence of dentin location (deep and superficial) on μTBS was also evaluated. Flat coronal dentin surfaces of extracted human molars were prepared.

Craniofacial Evolution: From Australopithecus to Modern Man.

Through the analysis and evaluation of the size and morphology of teeth and jaws, it is possible to differentiate animal species including man, allowing the theory of human evolution to be established. Hominin evolution is characterized by two main features, the transition to bipedality and the increase in brain size. This had an important impact on the structure and function of the hominine skull.

The Application of the Divine Proportion for the Construction of the Visualized Treatment Objective in Craniofacial Surgery.

Aesthetics and function of maxillofacial district are closely related and could interfere with patient psychological conditions. The aim of this paper is to describe and to analyze the procedures necessary for a proper surgical visualized treatment objective (VTO) realization through the use of the tracing on lateral head film, applying the divine proportion (or golden ratio) in certain steps. The method described is easy to realize, cheap and help both orthodontist and maxillo-facial surgeon to communicate each other and to the patients.

Occlusal Plane and Skeletal Changes After Cervical Headgear Treatment With and Without Lower Utility Arch in Class II Growing Patients.

The purpose of this study was to investigate skeletal and dental changes affecting occlusal plane inclination after cervical headgear treatment with and without lower utility arch. In order to distinguish the orthodontic changes from natural growth a control group was employed.The sample of this study consisted by 20 Class II subjects (10 males, 10 females; mean age 8.

Changes in canine inclination after rapid and slow maxillary expansion compared to untreated controls.

Objects: Palatally displaced canines (PDC) might represent condition causing several clinical problems, such as roots resorption and malocclusion, and can develop palatal canine impaction. Some interceptive treatments such as rapid maxillary expansion were suggested in order to foster maxillary canine eruption. Among expansion protocols, no data are available about differences between rapid and slow maxillary expansion on maxillary canine eruption.

Dental occlusion and sport performance.

Introduction: In recent years, interest has been given to the relationship between dental occlusion and athletes' performance. A correct occlusion allows for a correct position of the mandible in space and could be reached by wearing a splint made by a dentist. Achieving this condition appears to be an advantage for all athletes, and especially for those who have TMJ dysfunction.

Changes of Occlusal Plane in Growing Patients With Increased Vertical Dimension During Class II Correction by Using Cervical Headgear.

This retrospective research aimed to highlight the changes of occlusal plane in Class II hyperdivergent subjects that received cervical headgear treatment and compared them to untreated controls in order to evaluate the occlusal changes that might be connected to a potential mandibular rotation.The sample of this investigation was represented by 20 hyperdivergent Class II subjects (10 males, 10 females; mean age 8.54) corrected by using cervical headgear (treated group) and 21 Class II patients (11 males, 10 females; mean age 8.

Elastics Selector Gauge as Orthodontics Device Applied to Inter-Maxillary Traction during Malocclusion Correction.

Elastics are the simplest device that can be used during a class correction in orthodontics, and despite the simplicity of a latex band, they are very effective and powerful. The resultant inter-maxillary force affects not only the teeth, but even the mandibular position, and consequently the temporomandibular joints (TMJ). The purpose of our work is to simplify the use of elastics, and to reduce the amount of inventory for orthodontists, because there is a lot of merceology available on the market, and different ways of using the elastics.

TMJ Dysfunctions Systemic Implications and Postural Assessments: A Review of Recent Literature.

Cases of correlations between posture and the temporomandibular joint have long been reported in the literature. In particular, occlusal anomalies, and therefore malocclusion, could have negative implications for the spine. The objective of this study was to review the literature and bring to light any correlations between temporomandibular joints (TMJ) and posturology.

Correlations between Malocclusion and Postural Anomalies in Children with Mixed Dentition.

The aim of this study was to investigate the possible relationship between malocclusion and body posture anomalies. The original sample involved 127 children (45 males and 82 females) with mixed dentition. Clinical examination of oral cavity was performed by an orthodontist, who recorded molar and canine relationship, cross-bite, lower middle-line deviation, and centric relation (CR) considering mono or bilateral contacts in CR.

Upper First Premolar Positioning Evaluation for the Stability of the Dental Occlusion: Anatomical Considerations.

The present study aimed to find the proper distorotation of the upper first premolar to achieve the therapeutic ideal advocated for the stability of the human occlusion. Normal teeth were analyzed and occlusal photocopies of upper arch were made to perform the 2 measurements. The first parameter was the angle formed by the perpendicular to the wire through the buccal cusp and a line connecting the buccal and the lingual cusps of the upper first premolar.

Facial Bone Reconstruction Using both Marine or Non-Marine Bone Substitutes: Evaluation of Current Outcomes in a Systematic Literature Review.

The aim of the present investigation was to systematically analyse the literature on the facial bone reconstruction defect using marine collagen or not and to evaluate a predictable treatment for their clinical management. The revision has been performed by searched MEDLINE and EMBASE databases from 2007 to 2017. Clinical trials and animal in vitro studies that had reported the application of bone substitutes or not for bone reconstruction defect and using marine collagen or other bone substitute material were recorded following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines.

Oxidative Stress Evaluation in Patients Treated with Orthodontic Self-ligating Multibracket Appliances: An Case-Control Study.

Objective: Oxidative stress is a pathologic event induced by a prevalence of oxidant agents on the antioxidant ones, with a consequent alteration of oxide-reducing balance.

Introduction: Freeradicals produce damages both in cellular and extra-cellular components; phospholipid membranes, proteins, mitochondrial and nuclear DNA, are the target of the oxidative stress, that can finally cause cellular death due to apoptosis.

Materials & Methods: Orthodontic appliances such as brackets, wires, resins and soldering have some components that can be considered as potential allergen, carcinogenic, cytotoxic and gene mutation factors.

FEM and Von Mises Analysis on Prosthetic Crowns Structural Elements: Evaluation of Different Applied Materials.

The aim of this paper is to underline the mechanical properties of dental single crown prosthodontics materials in order to differentiate the possibility of using each material for typical clinical condition and masticatory load. Objective of the investigation is to highlight the stress distribution over different common dental crowns by using computer-aided design software and a three-dimensional virtual model. By using engineering systems of analyses like FEM and Von Mises investigations it has been highlighted the strength over simulated lower first premolar crowns made by chrome cobalt alloy, golden alloy, dental resin, and zirconia.

Cephalometric changes in growing patients with increased vertical dimension treated with cervical headgear.

Purpose: The aim of the present study was to investigate the cephalometric changes in patients with increased vertical dimension after treatment with cervical headgear compared to controls.

Methods: The sample of the present retrospective study consisted of 20 Class II patients (10 males, 10 females; mean age 8.54 ± 1.

Early predictive variables for upper canine impaction as derived from posteroanterior cephalograms.

The aim of this study was to identify a model of cephalometric variables for early diagnosis of the displacement of upper permanent canine and early prognosis of upper canine impaction. Postero-anterior (PA) cephalograms of 43 subjects (22 males and 21 females) with different types of malocclusions in the mixed dentition were analyzed at the time of first observation (mean age 8 years and 5 +/- 9 months). All subjects were reevaluated at the mean age of 14.