Morphological effects of acetylcarvacrol on thyroid of Wistar rats subjected to repeated dose dermal and oral toxicity tests.

Acetylcarvacrol is a semi-synthetic product derived from carvacrol and has known activity against ticks. In vertebrates, the thyroid has been used as a bioindicator in toxicity studies due to its sensitivity to external factors. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the toxic effects of acetylcarvacrol in Wistar rats subjected to repeated dose dermal and oral toxicity tests by means of histopathological analysis of the thyroid.

Chemical constituents of açai berry pulp (.) by LC-UV-BPSU/NMR and LC-UV-SPE/NMR.

The techniques LC-UV-BPSU and LC-UV-SPE/NMR were applied for the first time in the analysis of açai berry ( Mart.) pulp extracts. Those techniques allowed the identification of twenty-three metabolites: Valine (1), citric acid (2), tachioside (3), isotachioside (4), -guaiacylglycerol (5), syringylglycerol (6), uridine (7), adenosine (8), dimethoxy-1,4-benzoquinone (9), koaburaside (10), protocatechuic acid (11), eurycorymboside B (12), 7',8'-dihydroxy-dihydrodehydroconiferyl alcohol-9---glucopyranoside (13), orientin (14), homoorientin (15), dihydrokaempferol-3-glucoside (16), isolariciresinol-9'--glucopyranoside (17), 5'-methoxyisolariciresinol-9'--glucopyranoside (18), cyanidin-3--glucoside (19), cyandin-3--rutenoside (20), 9,12-octadecadienoic acid (Z,Z)-2-hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl) ethyl ester (21), linolenic acid (22), and 1,2-di---linolenoyl-3--galactopyranosyl-sn-glycerol (23).

Comparative toxicological evaluation of carvacrol, acetylcarvacrol anda fipronil-based pesticide in human blood cells.

Plant-derived chemicals are promising substances to control arthropod pests, although synthetic ones are still the most frequently used. Thus, comparative toxicological studies are needed to determine if natural substances are safe alternatives to replace the use of synthetic chemicals. This study aimed to compare the toxicity of carvacrol (natural origin), acetylcarvacrol (semi-synthetic) and a fipronil-based pesticide (synthetic).

Theoretical and X-Ray Evidence of Electrostatic Phosphonium anti and gauche Effects.

Sulphur, not phosphorus, is the only known third-row element capable of experiencing an electrostatic gauche effect with fluorine. Some six-membered rings containing an endocyclic phosphorus atom and a β-fluorine substituent that can interconvert to axial (gauche relative to phosphorus) and equatorial positions were then analysed. While phosphines do not establish an electrostatic attraction between fluorine and phosphorus, some oxidised forms exhibit surprising stability for the sterically disfavoured axial orientation.

Behavioral, neuroplasticity and metabolic effects of 7,8-dihydroxy-4-methylcoumarin associated with physical activity in mice.

The search for strategies to develop resilience against metabolic and neuropsychiatric disorders has motivated the clinical and experimental assessment of early life interventions such as lifestyle-based and use of unconventional pharmacological compounds. In this study, we assessed the effects of voluntary physical activity and 7,8-Dihydroxy-4-methylcoumarin (DHMC), independently or in combination, over mice physiological and behavioral parameters, adult hippocampal and hypothalamic neurogenesis, and neurotrophic factors expression in the hypothalamus. C57Bl/6J mice were submitted to a 29-day treatment with DHMC and allowed free access to a running wheel.

Repellent activity of acetylcarvacrol and its effects on salivary gland morphology in unfed Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato ticks (Acari: Ixodidae).

Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato (s.l.), commonly known as brown dog tick, is a widely distributed tick species that is substantially important for human and veterinary medicine.

Lignans as new chemical markers of a certified Brazilian organic propolis.

Commercially certified organic propolis produced in areas of environmental conservation and reforestation forests of Southern Brazil are generally poor in flavonoids, although one of its variants - Brazilian certified organic propolis 1 (OP1) - has shown strong antioxidant activity. The objective was to identify active compounds from OP1 related to its strong antioxidant activity. OP1 ethanolic extracts were subjected to liquid-liquid fractionation, and the fractions presenting the strongest antioxidant activity were combined and purified into subfractions.

Preparation and characterization of a synthetic curcumin analog inclusion complex and preliminary evaluation of in vitro antileishmanial activity.

The aim of this work was to prepare and characterize inclusion complexes between a synthetic curcumin analog (dibenzalacetone, DBA) and beta-cyclodextrin (β-CD); and to evaluate their in vitro antileishmanial activity. DBA was synthetized and characterized by spectroscopic methods and the inclusion complexes were obtained by kneading and lyophilization (LIO) in 1:1 and 1:2 stoichiometries. Phase solubility and dissolution assays showed a 40-fold increase in the aqueous solubility of DBA and its complete dissolution from LIO 1:1 formulation after 120 min respectively.

Sublethal concentrations of acetylcarvacrol affect reproduction and integument morphology in the brown dog tick Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato (Acari: Ixodidae).

Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato (s.l.), also known as the brown dog tick, is among the main tick species involved in the transmission of pathogens to humans and other animals and, therefore, the target of numerous control methods.

Acetylation of carvacrol raises its efficacy against engorged cattle ticks (Acari: Ixodidae).

The effects of acetylcarvacrol on the reproductive performance of engorged female were evaluated. Carvacrol was acetylated by a reaction with acetic anhydride, confirmed by the identification of its melting point and by infrared spectroscopy. Based on the median lethal concentration, females were exposed to sublethal concentrations (3.

Low concentrations of acetylcarvacrol induce drastic morphological damages in ovaries of surviving Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato ticks (Acari: Ixodidae).

Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato (s. l.) ticks are targets of acaricidal treatments due to their great veterinary and medical importance.

Biological and Chemical Control of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum using Stachybotrys levispora and Its Secondary Metabolite Griseofulvin.

Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is responsible for the white mold of soybeans, and the difficulty to control the disease in Brazil is causing million-dollar damages. Stachybotrys levispora has shown activity against S. sclerotiorum.

A validated H NMR method for quantitative analysis of α-bisabolol in essential oils of Eremanthus erythropappus.

α-Bisabolol is a natural terpene produced by Eremanthus erythropappus and is widely used in cosmetics and pharmaceuticals due to its anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and antimycotic properties. Due to these applications, a control of composition and authenticity of commercial oils rich in this terpene is required, resulting in a demand for new methodologies for quality control. In this work a rapid and efficient method for quantification of α-bisabolol in the essential oil of E.

Dichlorinated and Brominated Rugulovasines, Ergot Alkaloids Produced by Talaromyces wortmannii.

UHPLC-DAD-HRMS based dereplication guided the detection of new halogenated alkaloids co-produced by Talaromyces wortmannii. From the fungal growth in large scale, the epimers 2,8-dichlororugulovasines A and B were purified and further identified by means of a HPLC-SPE/NMR hyphenated system. Brominated rugulovasines were also detected when the microbial incubation medium was supplemented with bromine sources.

Unusual 2(1H)-pyrazinones isolated from a culture of a Brazilian marine-derived Streptomyces sp.

Four new secondary metabolites, giovaninones A-D (1-4), were isolated from an ethyl acetate extract of a culture of a marine-derived Streptomyces strain designated SS99BA-2. Chemical analysis was completely conducted in a coupled automated LC-SPE system with the use of a cryogenic NMR probehead and HRMS. The application of this system to identify, purify and elucidate all the structures is described.

Use of diffusion-ordered NMR spectroscopy and HPLC-UV-SPE-NMR to identify undeclared synthetic drugs in medicines illegally sold as phytotherapies.

The informal (and/or illegal) e-commerce of pharmaceutical formulations causes problems that governmental health agencies find hard to control, one of which concerns formulas sold as natural products. The purpose of this work was to explore the advantages and limitations of DOSY and HPLC-UV-SPE-NMR. These techniques were used to identify the components of a formula illegally marketed in Brazil as an herbal medicine possessing anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties.

Average shear rate in three pneumatic bioreactors.

A method proposed in recent literature was applied to evaluate the average shear rate (γav) in three pneumatic bioreactors of 5-dm3 working volume: bubble column, split airlift, and concentric-tube airlift. The volumetric oxygen transfer coefficient (k(L) a) is the appropriate characteristic parameter to assess the average shear rate (γav) in this methodology. Correlations for γav as a function of superficial gas velocity in the riser region (U(GR)) and rheological fluid properties (consistency index, K, and flow index, n) were obtained for each model of pneumatic bioreactor studied.