[Bacteriological study of bronchoalveolar lavage in the antibiotic management of suspected ventilator-associated pneumonia of patients in surgical intensive care units].

Objective: To determine the correlation of Gram staining with the culture of bronchoalveolar lavage in patients with clinical features of ventilator-associated pneumonia from two adult trauma and surgical intensive care units.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective study of 252 samples of bronchoalveolar lavage from patients with clinical ventilator-associated pneumonia in trauma or surgical postoperative care. Gram staining samples were classified as Gram-positive cocci and Gram-negative bacilli, all other results being excluded.

Risk factors for KPC-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae bacteremia.

The molecular epidemiology of carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae (KPC) has been largely investigated, but limited clinical information is available. A case-control study was performed to evaluate the risk factors for KPC bacteremia in hospitalized patients. Cases were patients with KPC bacteremia and controls were patients with non-KPC bacteremia.

Klebsiella ESBL bacteremia-mortality and risk factors.

Background: Extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing bacteria have become recognized as a problem in South America. The aim of this study was to evaluate risk factors and mortality rate in bacteremia caused by ESBL-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae in a Brazilian hospital.

Methods: A three-year retrospective cohort study with 104 cases of K.

Mortality rate in patients with nosocomial Acinetobacter meningitis from a Brazilian hospital.

Background: The mortality rate due to Acinetobacter baumannii nosocomial meningitis (ANM) is high.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the factors that have influence over the outcomes in ANM patients.

Methods: A retrospective analysis of 22 cases of ANM was conducted in a hospital with high incidence of multidrug resistance.

Recurrent Acremonium infection in a kidney transplant patient treated with voriconazole: a case report.

Acremonium infection is rare and associated with immunosuppression. A case of recurrent cutaneous Acremonium infection after short term voriconazole use is described. Surgical resection was the definitive therapy.

Epidemiology of extended spectrum beta-lactamase producing Enterobacter bacteremia in a brazilian hospital.

Introduction: Enterobacter can be included in the group of extended spectrum beta-lactamases (EBSL)-producing bacteria, though few studies exist evaluating risk factors associated with this microorganism. A retrospective cohort study was conducted to determine risk factors associated with ESBL-producing-Enterobacter and mortality

Methods: A retrospective cohort study with 58 bacteremia caused by ESBL-producing-Enterobacter (28 cases) and non-ESBL (30 cases)

Results: Risk factors associated with ESBL-Enterobacter were trauma, length of hospitalization, admission to the intensive care unit, urinary catheter and elective surgery (p< 0.05).

Central venous catheter-related bloodstream infection and Cryptococcus neoformans.

This is the first case reported of central venous catheter-related fungemia due to C. neoformans. A patient with chronic renal failure developed a fungemia during the treatment of a dialysis-associated bacteremia.

Bladder irrigation with amphotericin B and fungal urinary tract infection--systematic review with meta-analysis.

Background: Candiduria is a hospital-associated infection and a daily problem in the intensive care unit. The treatment of asymptomatic candiduria is not well established and the use of amphotericin B bladder irrigation (ABBI) is controversial. The aim of this systematic review was to determine the best place for this therapy in practice.

Outbreak of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii producing the OXA-23 enzyme in Curitiba, Brazil.

Carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii isolates were obtained from eight patients in two hospitals in Curitiba, Brazil. The isolates were multiresistant, belonged to a single strain, and produced the OXA-23 carbapenemase. Treatment options were limited, although the isolates were susceptible to polymyxin B in vitro.