Lessons Learned from Europe.

This paper reviews the main pricing policies in Latin American countries, discussing their shortcomings. It also gives an overview of the most common pricing and reimbursement policies in Europe and describes in detail three well-established approaches - international price referencing, value-based pricing, including setting up of health technology assessment, and generic and biosimilar policies - building on country examples.

Health prioritization: the case of Chile.

This paper examines the introduction of a prioritized list of fifty-six health conditions in Chile, for which access to treatment is guaranteed. This is an important health reform issue, and the discussion of Chile's rich and complex approach may benefit other countries. Conditions on the list were selected using multiple criteria: burden of disease, inequality, high costs, social preferences, rule of rescue, and cost-effectiveness.