Influence of gestational diabetes mellitus on the stereoselective kinetic disposition and metabolism of labetalol in hypertensive patients.

Purpose: This study investigated the influence of gestational diabetes mellitus on the kinetic disposition and stereoselective metabolism of labetalol administered intravenously or orally.

Methods: Thirty hypertensive women during the last trimester of pregnancy were divided into four groups: non-diabetic and diabetic women treated with intravenous or oral labetalol.

Results: The pharmacokinetics of labetalol was not stereoselective in diabetic or non-diabetic pregnant women receiving the drug intravenously.

Distribution of bupivacaine enantiomers and lidocaine and its metabolite in the placental intervillous space and in the different maternal and fetal compartments in term pregnant women.

The aim of this study is to determine the concentrations of lidocaine and its metabolite, monoethylglycine xylidide (MEGX), and of the enantiomers of bupivacaine in maternal and fetal compartments. Ten healthy pregnant women were submitted to epidural anesthesia. Drug concentrations were determined in the maternal vein, fetal umbilical artery and vein, and the placental intervillous space.

[Comparative study between larvitraps and ovitraps for evaluating the presence of Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) in Campo Grande, State of Rio de Janeiro].

With the objective of evaluating the efficiency of traps for monitoring dengue and yellow fever vectors in Rio de Janeiro, 12 larvitraps and 12 ovitraps were used simultaneously for 13 weeks. The results indicated that the larvitraps presented greater capacity for positive findings, thereby highlighting it as an important monitoring tool for vector surveillance.

Distribution of fentanyl in the placental intervillous space and in the different maternal and fetal compartments in term pregnant women.

Background: Fentanyl is used in obstetrical practice to promote analgesia and anesthesia during labor and in cesarean delivery, with rapid and short-term effects.

Objective: To determine fentanyl concentrations in maternal plasma, in the placental intervillous space, and in the umbilical artery and vein in term pregnant women.

Patients And Methods: Ten healthy pregnant women underwent epidural anesthesia with fentanyl plus bupivacaine and lidocaine, and fentanyl concentrations were determined in the various maternal and fetal compartments, including the placental intervillous space, which has not been previously studied in the literature.

Stereoselective analysis of labetalol in human plasma by LC-MS/MS: application to pharmacokinetics.

Labetalol is clinically available as a mixture of two racemates (four stereoisomers). The stereoisomer (R,R) has as main activity the beta1-antagonism and the stereoisomer (S,R) is highly selective for the alpha1 adrenoceptor and is responsible for most of the alpha-blocker activity. In the present investigation, a method for the analysis of labetalol stereoisomers in human plasma was developed and applied to pharmacokinetic studies.

Pharmacokinetics of lidocaine and its metabolite in peridural anesthesia administered to pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus.

Background: Peridural blockade with lidocaine, bupivacaine, and fentanyl is an anesthetic procedure extensively used in obstetrics, justifying the pharmacokinetic study of these drugs during labor.

Objective: To investigate the influence of the physiopathological changes of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) on the pharmacokinetics of lidocaine and its metabolite monoethylglycinexylidide (MEGX) in pregnant women subjected to peridural anesthesia.

Patients And Methods: Ten normal pregnant women (group 1) and six pregnant women with GDM (group 2) were studied, all of them at term.

Variation in Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) container productivity in a slum and a suburban district of Rio de Janeiro during dry and wet seasons.

Seasonal variation in container productivity and infestation levels by Aedes aegypti were evaluated in two areas with distinct levels of urbanization degrees in Rio de Janeiro, a slum and a suburban neighborhood. The four most productive containers can generate up to 90% of total pupae. Large and open-mouthed containers, such as water tanks and metal drums, located outdoors were the most productive in both areas, with up to 47.

Determination of pindolol enantiomers in amniotic fluid and breast milk by high-performance liquid chromatography: applications to pharmacokinetics in pregnant and lactating women.

A method for the determination of pindolol enantiomers in amniotic fluid and breast milk was developed, validated, and applied to the investigation of six pregnant women treated with rac-pindolol (10 mg/12 h). Biological samples were extracted with tert-methyl-butyl ether, and the pindolol enantiomers were resolved on a Chiralpak AD column. Amniotic fluid/plasma and milk/plasma concentrations ratios ranged from 0.

[Diversity of oviposition containers and buildings where Aedes albopictus and Aedes aegypti can be found].

Objective: To assess the diversity of oviposition containers and buildings where females of Aedes albopictus and Aedes aegypti can be found.

Methods: A study was carried out in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Southern Brazil, between 2002 and 2003. Larvae in different types of buildings were investigated, and immature forms found were then sent to the laboratory for identification.

Quantitative assay of lorazepam and its metabolite glucuronide by reverse-phase liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry in human plasma and urine samples.

A LC/MS/MS method for the quantitative determination of lorazepam in human plasma and urine samples was developed and validated. The enantioselective assay allowed to separate the enantiomers and to verify the stereochemical instability of lorazepam. The linearity assessed for lorazepam unchanged was 0.

Kinetic disposition of lorazepam with focus on the glucuronidation capacity, transplacental transfer in parturients and racemization in biological samples.

The present study investigates the kinetic disposition with focus on the racemization, glucuronidation capacity and the transplacental transfer of lorazepam in term parturients during labor. The study was conducted on 10 healthy parturients aged 18-37 years with a gestational age of 36-40.1 weeks, treated with a single oral dose of 2 mg racemic lorazepam 2-9 h before delivery.

Pharmacokinetics and transplacental distribution of fentanyl in epidural anesthesia for normal pregnant women.

Background: Fentanyl is an opioid drug widely used as a co-adjuvant in abdominal delivery, a fact that justifies its pharmacokinetic study under these conditions.

Objective: Our objective was to investigate the pharmacokinetics and placental transfer of fentanyl in parturients whose pregnancies were resolved by cesarian section with epidural anesthesia.

Patients And Methods: Ten clinically normal parturients who delivered at term received 5 ml of 2% lidocaine hydrochloride without a vasoconstrictor for skin and subcutaneous blockade, followed by epidural injection of 2 ml fentanyl citrate (0.

Pharmacokinetics and transplacental transfer of lidocaine and its metabolite for perineal analgesic assistance to pregnant women.

Background: Obstetrical analgesia continues to be challenging to science in the search for safe and effective methods that will permit the use of these procedures allied to improved obstetrical and perinatal results.

Objective: The objective of the present study was to investigate the pharmacokinetics and the placental transfer of lidocaine and its metabolite in parturients whose pregnancies were resolved by the vaginal route under perineal analgesia.

Patients And Methods: The study was conducted on 23 pregnant women who received perineal analgesia with 20 ml 2% lidocaine (400 mg) during the expulsive period of labor.

Stereoselectivity in the placental transfer and kinetic disposition of racemic bupivacaine administered to parturients with or without a vasoconstrictor.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the stereoselectivity in the kinetic disposition and the transplacental distribution of bupivacaine in term parturients during labor. Maternal age ranged from 18-37 years and fetal gestational age from 37.6-41.

Enantioselectivity in the steady-state pharmacokinetics and transplacental distribution of pindolol at delivery in pregnancy-induced hypertension.

Nine patients taking oral doses of 10 mg/12 h rac-pindolol as part of their treatment for hypertension in pregnancy were recruited for the study. Maternal and fetal gestational age ranged from 20-38 years and 28-41 weeks, respectively. Blood was collected from the umbilical cord vein and from the mother from zero to 12 h after drug administration.

[Presence of Aedes aegypti in Bromeliaceae and plant breeding places in Brazil].

The frequency of Bromeliaceae and other plant breeding places where Aedes aegypti can be found is reported during two consecutive operational cycles (focal treatment) in the city of Rio de Janeiro. These cycles took place from November 12 2000 to March 9 2001 and from March 12 2001 to June 15 2001. This study concentrates on the epidemiological implications resulting from the growing use of these plants as decorative living objects.