Prognostic impact of metabolic syndrome in patients with chronic heart failure: data from GISSI-HF trial.

Objectives: The adverse prognostic impact of metabolic syndrome (METS) in unselected populations and in patients with coronary heart disease has been previously shown. The aim of the current analysis was to evaluate the impact of METS on prognosis in chronic heart failure (HF).

Methods: International Diabetes Federation criteria were used for the diagnosis of METS.

Identification of the ischemic etiology of heart failure by cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging: diagnostic accuracy of late gadolinium enhancement.

Background: A large proportion of patients with heart failure (HF) have a large and poorly contracting left ventricle. The noninvasive recognition of the ischemic etiology of such patients is difficult, and for this purpose, usually patients undergo coronary angiography. It has been shown that cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging can detect myocardial scarring by evaluating late gadolinium enhancement (LGE).