Pyridostigmine reduces mortality of patients with severe SARS-CoV-2 infection: A phase 2/3 randomized controlled trial.

Background: Respiratory failure in severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is associated with a severe inflammatory response. Acetylcholine (ACh) reduces systemic inflammation in experimental bacterial and viral infections. Pyridostigmine increases the half-life of endogenous ACh, potentially reducing systemic inflammation.

A parallel-group, multicenter randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, phase 2/3, clinical trial to test the efficacy of pyridostigmine bromide at low doses to reduce mortality or invasive mechanical ventilation in adults with severe SARS-CoV-2 infection: the Pyridostigmine In Severe COvid-19 (PISCO) trial protocol.

Background: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, the causative agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), may lead to severe systemic inflammatory response, pulmonary damage, and even acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). This in turn may result in respiratory failure and in death. Experimentally, acetylcholine (ACh) modulates the acute inflammatory response, a neuro-immune mechanism known as the inflammatory reflex.

Evaluation of bone densitometry by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry as a fracture prediction tool in women with chronic kidney disease.

Background: The 2017 KDIGO guidelines establish a 2B grade recommendation in favor of testing Bone Mineral Density (BMD) by DXA to assess osteoporotic fracture (OPF) risk in patients with CKD G3a-G5D. Still, controversy remains because large studies evaluating it for this particular population are lacking.

Aim: To establish the clinical performance of BMD measured by DXA in the evaluation of fracture risk in women with CKD.

Prevalence of thyroid dysfunction in healthy adults according to the estimated iodine intake in 24-hour urine samples: The SALMEX cohort.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of thyroid dysfunction in a cohort of healthy individuals in Mexico City, as well as to investigate the potential associations of these results with their estimated iodine intake (EII) as reflected by their 24-hour urinary iodine excretion (24-h UIE).

Methods: From the SALMEX cohort, 683 adults provided an appropriate 24-h urine sample. Thyroid function tests and thyroid antibody concentrations were determined in the participants' sera.