A modified CALGB 10403 in adolescents and young adults with acute lymphoblastic leukemia in Central America.

Mexico and Central America have a high incidence of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in adolescents and young adults. Historically, this patient group has been treated using adult-based regimens, which entails a high rate of treatment-related mortality and a poor overall survival (OS). The use of the CALGB 10403, a pediatric-inspired regimen, has been proven effective in this patient subgroup.

Consensus in acute myeloid leukemia in Mexico.

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) comprises a heterogeneous group of hematopoietic cell neoplasms of myeloid lineage that arise from the clonal expansion of their precursors in the bone marrow, interfering with cell differentiation, leading to a syndrome of bone marrow failure. AML is a consequence of genetic and epigenetic changes (point mutations, gene rearrangements, deletions, amplifications, and arrangements in epigenetic changes that influence gene expression) in hematopoietic precursor cells, which create a clone of abnormal cells that are capable of proliferating but cannot differentiate into mature hematopoietic cells or undergo programmed cell death. The diagnosis requires more than 20% myeloid blasts in the bone marrow and certain cytogenic abnormalities.

Induction-related mortality in adolescents and young adults with acute lymphoblastic leukemia in a resource-limited setting: do treatment-related complications create more impact than disease biology?

Background: Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a malignant clonal bone marrow disorder with a high mortality rate during the initial therapy. This retrospective study aimed to describe and analyze the risk factors and causes of induction-related mortality (IRM) in an adolescent and adult ALL population treated in a low- and middle-income country.

Methods: From 2009 to 2016, a total of 167 patients were included, of which 50.

Secondary immune thrombocytopenia supposedly attributable to COVID-19 vaccination.

Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) has been widely reported as a complication of SARS-CoV-2 infection, but to our knowledge, there have been no reports on the association of the COVID-19 vaccine with thrombocytopenia. Here, we report a case of secondary ITP in a patient who was recently immunised with the messenger RNA COVID-19 vaccine BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech).

Mexican Concensus of Multiple Myeloma.

To identify this increasingly common pathology, known as multiple myeloma (MM), it is necessary to refer to the specific factors that characterize it; to this end, the classic criteria known as CRAB (hyperkalemia, renal failure, anemia, and lytic lesions) are available, in which renal failure is one of the most frequent complications. Recently, three indisputable biomarkers have been described for the diagnostic support for MM, which are: more than 10% of clonal plasma cells in bone marrow or, a biopsy that corroborates the presence of a plasmacytoma, light chain ratio ≥ 100 mg/dL and more than one focal lesion on magnetic resonance imaging. A differential diagnosis for plasma cell leukemia, solitary bone plasmacytoma, and extramedullary plasmacytoma should always be considered.

Isolated Extramedullary Relapse in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: What Can We Do Before and After Transplant?

• Isolated EMR is defined as the presence of clonal blasts in any tissue other than the medullary compartment with a bone marrow evaluation with less than 5% clonal blasts and a full donor chimerism. • Patients with iEMR have shown better survival outcomes when compared to BMR and EMR and in most cases it heralds a systemic relapse. • Risk factors for iEMR include: younger age, history of EMD, poor risk cytogenetics, advanced disease at HSCT, development of GVHD, and non-TBI based conditioning regimens.

Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation for Adult Philadelphia-Negative Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia in the First Complete Remission in the Era of Minimal Residual Disease.

Purpose Of Review: The purpose of this review is to discuss the potential role of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) for Philadelphia-negative (Ph) adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in first complete remission (CR1) in the era of minimal residual disease (MRD).

Recent Findings: Allo-HSCT continues to have a role in the therapy of a selected group of high-risk adult patients with ALL in CR1. Although the clinical significance of MRD has been studied less extensively in adults with ALL than in children, recent studies support its role as the strongest prognostic factor that can identify patients that are unlikely to be cured by standard chemotherapy and benefit from undergoing allo-HSCT.