The Pattern and Staging of Brain Atrophy in Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 2 (SCA2): MRI Volumetrics from ENIGMA-Ataxia.

Objective: Spinocerebellar ataxia type 2 (SCA2) is a rare, inherited neurodegenerative disease characterised by progressive deterioration in both motor coordination and cognitive function. Atrophy of the cerebellum, brainstem, and spinal cord are core features of SCA2, however the evolution and pattern of whole-brain atrophy in SCA2 remain unclear. We undertook a multi-site, structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) study to comprehensively characterize the neurodegeneration profile of SCA2.

Genotype-specific spinal cord damage in spinocerebellar ataxias: an ENIGMA-Ataxia study.

Background: Spinal cord damage is a feature of many spinocerebellar ataxias (SCAs), but well-powered in vivo studies are lacking and links with disease severity and progression remain unclear. Here we characterise cervical spinal cord morphometric abnormalities in SCA1, SCA2, SCA3 and SCA6 using a large multisite MRI dataset.

Methods: Upper spinal cord (vertebrae C1-C4) cross-sectional area (CSA) and eccentricity (flattening) were assessed using MRI data from nine sites within the ENIGMA-Ataxia consortium, including 364 people with ataxic SCA, 56 individuals with preataxic SCA and 394 nonataxic controls.

Cerebral Cortical Thickness Morphometry and Neurocognitive Correlations in Adolescents With Congenital Hypothyroidism.

Context: Subtle cognitive impairments have been described in children with congenital hypothyroidism (CH) detected by neonatal screening (NS), even with early and adequate treatment. Patients with CH may present with brain cortical thickness (CT) abnormalities, which may be associated with neurocognitive impairments.

Objective: This work aimed to evaluate the CT in adolescents with CH detected by the NS Program (Paraná, Brazil), and to correlate possible abnormalities with cognitive level and variables of neurocognitive prognosis.

Relationship between hippocampal subfields and Verbal and Visual memory function in Mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy patients.

Objective: High-resolution protocols used in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) currently enable the detailed analysis of the hippocampus along with its subfield segmentation. The relationship between episodic memory and the hippocampus is well established, and there is growing evidence that some specific memory processing steps are associated with individual hippocampal segments, but there are inconsistencies in the literature. We focused our analysis on hippocampal subfield volumetry and neuropsychological visual and verbal memory tests in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) presenting with unilateral hippocampal atrophy.

Analysis of diffusion tensor parameters in spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 and type 10 patients.

Introduction: There is a dearth of studies of spinocerebellar ataxias (SCAs) and diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging (DTI).

Objective: To analyze changes observed in DTI parameters and correlate these to clinical findings in SCA3 and SCA10 patients.

Methods: SCA3 (n = 19) and SCA10 (n = 18) patients were compared with a similar number of controls and assessed clinically and with the scale for the assessment and rating of ataxia (SARA) before undergoing the same MRI protocol.

Volumetric MRI Changes in Spinocerebellar Ataxia (SCA3 and SCA10) Patients.

Spinocerebellar ataxias type 3 (SCA3) and type 10 (SCA10) are the most prevalent in southern Brazil. To analyze the relationships between volumetric MRI changes and clinical and genetic findings in SCA3 and SCA10 patients. All patients in the study had a confirmed genetic diagnosis.

Neuroradiological Findings in the Spinocerebellar Ataxias.

Background: The spinocerebellar ataxias (SCAs) are a group of autosomal dominant degenerative diseases characterized by cerebellar ataxia. Classified according to gene discovery, specific features of the SCAs - clinical, laboratorial, and neuroradiological (NR) - can facilitate establishing the diagnosis. The purpose of this study was to review the particular NR abnormalities in the main SCAs.

Mesial temporal lobe epilepsy: Revisiting the relation of hippocampal volumetry with memory deficits.

Objective: Neuropsychological tests can infer the lateralization of the epileptogenic focus, associating verbal memory to mesial structures in the left temporal lobe and visual or nonverbal memory to the right side. High-field magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with high-resolution protocols allows acquisitions suitable for advanced postprocessing with precise volumetry of brain structures, and functional MRI demonstrates evidence that epilepsy should be seen as a network pathology, involving several structures in the brain. Since the literature showing associations between the volumetry of brain structures in left and right mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE) and verbal and visual memory performance on neuropsychological tests is conflicting, we revisited these relationships, considering the hippocampal volumetry of patients with unilateral MTLE.

X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy: correlation between Loes score and diffusion tensor imaging parameters.

Objective: The present study was aimed at evaluating the correlation between diffusion tensor imaging parameters and Loes score as well as whether those parameters could indicate early structural alterations.

Materials And Methods: Diffusion tensor imaging measurements were obtained in 30 studies of 14 patients with X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy and were correlated with Loes scores. A control group including 28 male patients was created to establish agematched diffusion tensor imaging measurements.

Closed reduction and percutaneous Kirschner wire fixation in the treatment of simple zygoma fractures: orbital volumetric outcomes.

Introduction: The primary goal of treatment of fractures of the zygoma is the perfect restoration of function and aesthetic appearance. An adequate surgical treatment must combine adequate fracture reduction with the lowest possible morbidity of the surrounding soft tissues. This is the principle that guides the use of closed method for the treatment of simple fractures of the zygomatic bone.

MRI hydrographic 3D sequences in CADASIL.

Two patients with cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL) (figure), evolving with cognitive deterioration, had MRI. Hydrographic 3D high-resolution turbo spin-echo (TSE) with variable flip angle sequence (SPACE) was performed to demonstrate the subcortical lacunar lesions (SLL) (figure, A and B), considered specific in CADASIL.(1.

Comparison of orbital volume obtained by tomography and rapid prototyping.

Purpose: This study aims to compare orbital volume obtained by helical tomography and rapid prototyping.

Methods: The study sample was composed of 6 helical tomography scans. Eleven healthy orbits were identified to have their volumes measured.

Massive calcification in a pleomorphic adenoma: report of an unusual presentation.

We report a case of histology-proven pleomorphic adenoma of the parapharyngeal space in a 20-year-old man. This case was unusual in that a massive amount of dystrophic calcification was scattered throughout the tumor. The patient underwent successful surgical resection, and he exhibited no signs of recurrence during follow-up.

Adult cerebellar medulloblastoma: CT and MRI findings in eight cases.

Medulloblastoma is a brain tumor of neuroepithelial origin, which represents 15 to 30% of all pediatric brain tumors, and less than 1% of CNS adult neoplasms. We report the imaging findings of 8 adult patients with medulloblastoma. The mean age was 35 years, ranging from 20 to 65 years, and the male:female rate was 3:5.