Imaging and Quantification of mRNA Molecules at Single-Cell Resolution in the Human Fungal Pathogen Candida albicans.

The study of gene expression in fungi has typically relied on measuring transcripts in populations of cells. A major disadvantage of this approach is that the transcripts' spatial distribution and stochastic variation among individual cells within a clonal population is lost. Traditional fluorescence hybridization techniques have been of limited use in fungi due to poor specificity and high background signal.

Gut Bacteria Shape Intestinal Microhabitats Occupied by the Fungus Candida albicans.

The human gut microbiota is composed of diverse microbes that not only compete but also rely on one another for resources and access to microhabitats in the intestine [1, 2]. Indeed, recent efforts to map the microbial biogeography of the gastrointestinal tract have revealed positive and negative co-associations between bacterial taxa [3, 4]. Here, we examine the spatial organization that the most prominent fungus of the human flora, Candida albicans, adopts in the gut of gnotobiotic mice either as the sole colonizer or in the presence of single bacterial species.

Phagolysosomal Survival Enables Non-lytic Hyphal Escape and Ramification Through Lung Epithelium During Infection.

is the most important mould pathogen in immunosuppressed patients. Suboptimal clearance of inhaled spores results in the colonisation of the lung airways by invasive hyphae. The first point of contact between and the host is the lung epithelium.

The Regulatory Proteins Rtg1/3 Govern Sphingolipid Homeostasis in the Human-Associated Yeast Candida albicans.

Integrating nutrient sensing with the synthesis of complex molecules is a central feature of metabolism. Yet the regulatory mechanisms underlying such integration are often unknown. Here, we establish that the transcription regulators Rtg1/3 are key determinants of sphingolipid homeostasis in the human fungal pathogen Candida albicans.

Caspofungin-Mediated Growth Inhibition and Paradoxical Growth in Aspergillus fumigatus Involve Fungicidal Hyphal Tip Lysis Coupled with Regenerative Intrahyphal Growth and Dynamic Changes in β-1,3-Glucan Synthase Localization.

Caspofungin targets cell wall β-1,3-glucan synthesis and is the international consensus guideline-recommended salvage therapy for invasive aspergillosis. Although caspofungin is inhibitory at low concentrations, it exhibits a paradoxical effect (reversal of growth inhibition) at high concentrations by an undetermined mechanism. Treatment with caspofungin at either the growth-inhibitory concentration (0.

Neurospora crassa NKIN2, a kinesin-3 motor, transports early endosomes and is required for polarized growth.

Biological motors are molecular nanomachines, which convert chemical energy into mechanical forces. The combination of mechanoenzymes with structural components, such as the cytoskeleton, enables eukaryotic cells to overcome entropy, generate molecular gradients, and establish polarity. Hyphae of filamentous fungi are among the most polarized cells, and polarity defects are most obvious.