Risk factors for mortality in patients with COVID-19 needing extracorporeal respiratory support.

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The negative consequences of sports betting opportunities on human capital formation: Evidence from Spain.

The proliferation of on-site betting shops has received enormous public attention, becoming one of the most alarming health policy issues in contemporary cities. However, there is little evidence on whether its growing presence nearby vulnerable populations produce social harm beyond its known adverse individual effects. This study provides new evidence on the negative societal effects of betting houses.

Matched cohort study on the efficacy of tocilizumab in patients with COVID-19.

Background: Tocilizumab has been proposed as a treatment for the new disease COVID-19, however, there is not enough scientific evidence to support this treatment. The objective of this study is to analyze whether the use of tocilizumab is associated with respiratory improvement and a shorter time to discharge in patients with COVID-19 and lung involvement.

Methods: Observational study on a cohort of 418 patients, admitted to three county hospitals in Catalonia (Spain).

Association between COVID-19 prognosis and disease presentation, comorbidities and chronic treatment of hospitalized patients.

Importance: The rapid pandemic expansion of the disease caused by the new SARS-CoV-2 virus has compromised health systems worldwide. Knowledge of prognostic factors in affected patients can help optimize care.

Objective: The objective of this study was to analyze the relationship between the prognosis of COVID-19 and the form of presentation of the disease, the previous pathologies of patients and their chronic treatments.

Observational study of azithromycin in hospitalized patients with COVID-19.

Background: The rapid spread of the disease caused by the novel SARS-CoV-2 virus has led to the use of multiple therapeutic agents whose efficacy has not been previously demonstrated. The objective of this study was to analyze whether there is an association between the use of azithromycin and the evolution of the pulmonary disease or the time to discharge, in patients hospitalized with COVID-19.

Methods: This was an observational study on a cohort of 418 patients admitted to three regional hospitals in Catalonia, Spain.

Traumatic Microbleeds in the Hippocampus and Corpus Callosum Predict Duration of Posttraumatic Amnesia.

Objective: Radiologic predictors of posttraumatic amnesia (PTA) duration are lacking. We hypothesized that the number and distribution of traumatic microbleeds (TMBs) detected by gradient recalled echo (GRE) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) predicts PTA duration.

Setting: Academic, tertiary medical center.

Total small vessel disease burden and brain network efficiency in cerebral amyloid angiopathy.

Background: Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) is associated with hemorrhagic and nonhemorrhagic markers small vessel disease (SVD). A composite score to quantify the total burden of SVD on MRI specifically for CAA patients was recently developed. Brain network alterations related to individual MRI markers of SVD in CAA were demonstrated.

Revisiting Grade 3 Diffuse Axonal Injury: Not All Brainstem Microbleeds are Prognostically Equal.

Background: Recovery of functional independence is possible in patients with brainstem traumatic axonal injury (TAI), also referred to as "grade 3 diffuse axonal injury," but acute prognostic biomarkers are lacking. We hypothesized that the extent of dorsal brainstem TAI measured by burden of traumatic microbleeds (TMBs) correlates with 1-year functional outcome more strongly than does ventral brainstem, corpus callosal, or global brain TMB burden. Further, we hypothesized that TMBs within brainstem nuclei of the ascending arousal network (AAN) correlate with 1-year outcome.

GRECOS Project (Genotyping Recurrence Risk of Stroke): The Use of Genetics to Predict the Vascular Recurrence After Stroke.

Background And Purpose: Vascular recurrence occurs in 11% of patients during the first year after ischemic stroke (IS) or transient ischemic attack. Clinical scores do not predict the whole vascular recurrence risk; therefore, we aimed to find genetic variants associated with recurrence that might improve the clinical predictive models in IS.

Methods: We analyzed 256 polymorphisms from 115 candidate genes in 3 patient cohorts comprising 4482 IS or transient ischemic attack patients.

A predictive clinical-genetic model of tissue plasminogen activator response in acute ischemic stroke.

Objective: Wide interindividual variability exists in response to tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) treatment in the acute phase of ischemic stroke. We aimed to find genetic variations associated with hemorrhagic transformation (HT) and mortality rates after t-PA. We then generated a clinical-genetic model for predicting t-PA response.

Role of the MMP9 gene in hemorrhagic transformations after tissue-type plasminogen activator treatment in stroke patients.

Background And Purpose: Despite the benefits of tissue-type plasminogen activator treatment, some stroke patients experience adverse hemorrhagic transformations (HT). Plasma protein levels of MMP9 have been associated with HT occurrence. We aimed to analyze the association of the MMP9 gene with HT occurrence.

Relationship between the efficacy of rivastigmine and apolipoprotein E (epsilon4) in patients with mild to moderately severe Alzheimer disease.

Alzheimer disease is the most common form of dementia in Western countries and the leading cause of disability in the over-65 population. Apolipoprotein E (APOE) is a multifunctional protein implied in lipid metabolism and neurobiology. Polymorphisms of the APOE gene have been associated with a variety of medical disorders, from arteriosclerosis to AD.

Nifedipine versus ritodrine for suppression of preterm labor. Comparison of their efficacy and secondary effects.

Objectives: To compare the efficacy of nifedipine and ritodrine in prolonging pregnancy beyond 48 h, 1 week and 36.0 weeks and to evaluate maternal side effects and adverse perinatal outcome.

Study Design: Non-blinded, randomized controlled trial.

Advances in adjuvant therapy against acute bacterial meningitis.

Death and co-morbidity derived from acute bacterial meningitis remain unacceptably high and are mainly related to immune-mediated cerebral dysfunction. Cerebral edema, hydrocephalus and ischaemic cerebrovascular events are severe complications that eventually occur following the activation of a complex network of cytokines, chemokines, proteases and oxidants released after cerebrospinal fluid infection. The caspase pathway appears to play a central role in the induction and amplification of the host inflammatory response.