Climate change in cold regions.

Cold regions around the world include Arctic, Antarctic and High Mountain regions featuring low temperatures, ice-covered landscapes, permafrost, and unique ecologic interrelations. These environments are among the most sensitive to climate change and are changing rapidly as the global climate gets warmer. This editorial explores the complexity of the impacts of climate change on cold regions, highlighting recent changes across Earth system.

Using the Sensible Heat Flux Eddy Covariance-Based Exchange Coefficient to Calculate Latent Heat Flux from Moisture Mean Gradients Over Snow.

Unlabelled: In absence of the high-frequency measurements of wind components, sonic temperature and water vapour required by the eddy covariance (EC) method, Monin-Obukhov similarity theory (MOST) is often used to calculate heat fluxes. However, MOST requires assumptions of stability corrections and roughness lengths. In most environments and weather situations, roughness length and stability corrections have high uncertainty.

Southward migration of the zero-degree isotherm latitude over the Southern Ocean and the Antarctic Peninsula: Cryospheric, biotic and societal implications.

The seasonal movement of the zero-degree isotherm across the Southern Ocean and Antarctic Peninsula drives major changes in the physical and biological processes around maritime Antarctica. These include spatial and temporal shifts in precipitation phase, snow accumulation and melt, thawing and freezing of the active layer of the permafrost, glacier mass balance variations, sea ice mass balance and changes in physiological processes of biodiversity. Here, we characterize the historical seasonal southward movement of the monthly near-surface zero-degree isotherm latitude (ZIL), and quantify the velocity of migration in the context of climate change using climate reanalyses and projections.