Individual variation in 3-methylbutanal: a putative link between human leukocyte antigen and skin microflora.

The human derma emits volatile compounds whose interaction with a receiver's olfactory sensory system may affect individual recognition and mating preferences. Studies suggest that both genes and environmental factors determine characteristic odor of an individual. We used solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry to identify 3-methylbutanal in human axillary odor; we showed that the abundance of this volatile compound varies significantly among individuals and demonstrated that its formation in vitro may be influenced by interaction between human leukocyte antigen peptide and dermal microflora.

In vitro anti-beta-secretase and dual anti-cholinesterase activities of Camellia sinensis L. (tea) relevant to treatment of dementia.

The primary target of licensed drugs for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease is the inhibition of the enzyme acetylcholinesterase, although preventing beta-amyloidosis is a prime target for drugs in development. The in vitro dual anti-cholinesterase and beta-secretase activities of Camellia sinensis L. extract (tea) is reported.

Butyryl- and acetyl-cholinesterase inhibitory activities in essential oils of Salvia species and their constituents.

Extracts of Salvia (sage) species have been reported to have cholinergic activities relevant to the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. A lack of information on the inhibition of the enzyme butyrylcholinesterase, also considered to be a target in the treatment of the disease, prompted this in vitro investigation of the essential oils of S. fruticosa, S.