Prediction of impaired lung diffusion capacity in COVID-19 pneumonia survivors.

Background: Patients surviving the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are reported to explore pulmonary sequelae. It is challenging to provide pulmonary function tests (PFTs) during the pandemic of this contagious diseases because of the difficulty related to infection control risks. This study aims to identify important predictors of lung diffusion capacity impairment in COVID-19 survivors after hospital discharge.

Identification of Exhaled Metabolites Correlated with Respiratory Function and Clinical Features in Adult Patients with Cystic Fibrosis by Real-Time Proton Mass Spectrometry.

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a hereditary disease characterized by the progression of respiratory disorders, especially in adult patients. The purpose of the study was to identify volatile organic compounds (VOCs) as predictors of respiratory dysfunction, chronic respiratory infections of , , , and VOCs associated with severe genotype and highly effective modulator treatment (HEMT). Exhaled breath samples from 102 adults with CF were analyzed using PTR-TOF-MS, obtained during a forced expiratory maneuver and normal quiet breathing.

Efficacy and safety of trimodulin in patients with severe COVID-19: results from a randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind, multicentre, phase II trial (ESsCOVID).

Background: Trimodulin (human polyvalent immunoglobulin [Ig] M ~ 23%, IgA ~ 21%, IgG ~ 56% preparation) has previously been associated with a lower mortality rate in a subpopulation of patients with severe community-acquired pneumonia on invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) and with clear signs of inflammation. The hypothesis for the ESsCOVID trial was that trimodulin may prevent inflammation-driven progression of severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) to critical disease or even death.

Methods: Adults with severe COVID-19 were randomised to receive intravenous infusions of trimodulin or placebo for 5 consecutive days in addition to standard of care.

Northern Pulmonary Hypertension: A Forgotten Kind of Pulmonary Circulation Pathology.

Northern pulmonary hypertension (NPH) is a medical condition that is still enigmatic in non-Russian-speaking countries. The extant previous literature is mostly available in the Russian language and, therefore, not accessible to the rest of the world. The recent increased interest in climate changes and environmental effects on pulmonary circulation prompted us to summarize the knowledge from the past about the effects of cold on pulmonary vasculature.

Mapping the Common Barriers to Optimal COPD Care in High and Middle-Income Countries: Qualitative Perspectives from Clinicians.

Purpose: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) poses a significant global health burden despite being largely preventable and treatable. Despite the availability of guidelines, COPD care remains suboptimal in many settings, including high-income countries (HICs) and upper-middle-income countries (UMICs), with varied approaches to diagnosis and management. This study aimed to identify common and unique barriers to COPD care across six countries (Australia, Spain, Taiwan, Argentina, Mexico, and Russia) to inform global policy initiatives for improved care.

Involvement of Mast Cells in the Pathology of COVID-19: Clinical and Laboratory Parallels.

Recent studies suggested the potential role of mast cells (MCs) in the pathology of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, the precise description of the MCs' activation and the engagement of their proteases is still missing. The objective of this study was to further reveal the importance of MCs and their proteases (chymase, tryptase, and carboxypeptidase A3 (CPA3)) in the development of lung damage in patients with COVID-19.

Rate of severe exacerbations, healthcare resource utilisation and clinical outcomes in patients with COPD in low-income and middle-income countries: results from the EXACOS International Study.

Introduction: The cerbations of hronic obstructive lung disease (COPD) and their utcome (EXACOS) International Study aimed to quantify the rate of severe exacerbations and examine healthcare resource utilisation (HCRU) and clinical outcomes in patients with COPD from low-income and middle-income countries.

Methods: EXACOS International was an observational, cross-sectional study with retrospective data collection from medical records for a period of up to 5 years. Data were collected from 12 countries: Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Dominican Republic, Guatemala, Hong Kong, Mexico, Panama, Russia and Taiwan.

Anti-Inflammatory and Antifibrotic Potential of Longidaze in Bleomycin-Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis.

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is one of the most common forms of interstitial lung disease, characterized by progressive parenchymal fibrosis and respiratory failure. In a model of bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis, the antifibrotic and anti-inflammatory activity of Longidaze (Bovhyaluronidase Azoxymer), which contains a conjugate of the hyaluronidase enzyme with a high molecular weight synthetic carrier azoxymer bromide, was investigated. Experiments were conducted in male C57BL/6 mice.

Predictors of Pulmonary Hypertension and Right Ventricular Dysfunction in Patients with Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis.

Background: Hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) is an interstitial lung disease (ILD) that occurs in susceptible individuals in response to various inhaled antigens. The fibrotic phenotype of HP is characterized by disease progression and can lead to pulmonary hypertension (PH). The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of PH and to identify predictors of PH in patients with chronic HP.

Combined Pulmonary Fibrosis and Emphysema: When Scylla and Charybdis Ally.

Combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema (CPFE) is a recently recognized syndrome that, as its name indicates, involves the existence of both interstitial lung fibrosis and emphysema in one individual, and is often accompanied by pulmonary hypertension. This debilitating, progressive condition is most often encountered in males with an extensive smoking history, and is presented by dyspnea, preserved lung volumes, and contrastingly impaired gas exchange capacity. The diagnosis of the disease is based on computed tomography imaging, demonstrating the coexistence of emphysema and interstitial fibrosis in the lungs, which might be of various types and extents, in different areas of the lung and several relative positions to each other.

Low-loss silicon nitride photonic ICs for near-infrared wavelength bandwidth.

Low-loss photonic integrated circuits (PICs) are the key elements in future quantum technologies, nonlinear photonics and neural networks. The low-loss photonic circuits technology targeting C-band application is well established across multi-project wafer (MPW) fabs, whereas near-infrared (NIR) PICs suitable for the state-of-the-art single-photon sources are still underdeveloped. Here, we report the labs-scale process optimization and optical characterization of low-loss tunable photonic integrated circuits for single-photon applications.

Effects of Pirfenidone on Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis Progression and Safety: Results of Multicenter Prospective Observational Study.

The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of pirfenidone in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) seen in clinical practice. Fifty-five adults with IPF were enrolled in this multicenter, open-label, non-randomized, non-controlled, interventional clinical study. All patients received pirfenidone 2403 mg/day (three 267 mg capsules three times daily) for 26 weeks.

Predictors of Progression and Mortality in Patients with Chronic Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis: Retrospective Analysis of Registry of Fibrosing Interstitial Lung Diseases.

Unlabelled: Hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) is an interstitial lung disease (ILD) resulting from an immune-mediated response in susceptible and sensitized individuals to a large variety of inhaled antigens. Chronic HP with a fibrotic phenotype is characterized by disease progression and a dismal prognosis. The aim of this study was to identify predictors of progression and mortality in patients with chronic HP in real clinical practice.

Russian Registry of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis: Clinical Features, Treatment Management, and Outcomes.

Unlabelled: A registry of patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) was founded in Russia in 2016. The aim of this study was to analyze the demographic, clinical, functional, radiological, and morphological data of the patients included in this registry.

Methods: This was a prospective multicenter, observational, non-interventional study.

Pulmonary Fibrosis and Progressive Pulmonary Fibrosis in a Prospective Registry of Interstitial Lung Diseases in Eastern Siberia.

Interstitial lung diseases (ILD) are part of a large heterogeneous group of diseases that differ in many ways (in their cause, clinical presentation, and response to therapy, etc.), but there are similar pathophysiological mechanisms involved in the development of the inflammation and/or fibrosis of the lungs. Currently, several criteria for pulmonary fibrosis (PF) and progressive pulmonary fibrosis (PPF) are proposed, and the information on the prevalence and characteristics of these conditions is limited.

Potential long-term effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection on the pulmonary vasculature: Multilayered cross-talks in the setting of coinfections and comorbidities.

The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and its sublineages pose a new challenge to healthcare systems worldwide due to its ability to efficiently spread in immunized populations and its resistance to currently available therapies. COVID-19, although targeting primarily the respiratory system, is also now well established that later affects every organ in the body. Most importantly, despite the available therapy and vaccine-elicited protection, the long-term consequences of viral infection in breakthrough and asymptomatic individuals are areas of concern.

Role of mast cells in the pathogenesis of severe lung damage in COVID-19 patients.

Background: There is still insufficient knowledge with regard to the potential involvement of mast cells (MCs) and their mediators in the pathology of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). Therefore, our study aimed to investigate the role of MCs, their activation and protease profiles in the pathogenesis of early and late lung damage in COVID-19 patients.

Methods: Formalin-fixed and paraffin embedded lung specimens from 30 patients who died from COVID-19 and 9 controls were used for histological detection of MCs and their proteases (tryptase, chymase) followed by morphometric quantification.

Cardiopulmonary disease as sequelae of long-term COVID-19: Current perspectives and challenges.

COVID-19 infection primarily targets the lungs, which in severe cases progresses to cytokine storm, acute respiratory distress syndrome, multiorgan dysfunction, and shock. Survivors are now presenting evidence of cardiopulmonary sequelae such as persistent right ventricular dysfunction, chronic thrombosis, lung fibrosis, and pulmonary hypertension. This review will summarize the current knowledge on long-term cardiopulmonary sequelae of COVID-19 and provide a framework for approaching the diagnosis and management of these entities.

Compensatory Effect of the Gene in Semi-Dwarf Spring Triticale (x Wittmack).

The dwarfness in many triticale cultivars is provided by the dominant () allele found in rye. However, along with conferring semi-dwarf phenotype to improve resistance to lodging, this gene also reduces grain size and weight and delays heading and flowering. () genes are plant-specific transcription factors that regulate plant growth, including stem growth, in terms of length and thickness, and leaf and fruit size.

Circulating Microparticles Are Differentially Increased in Lowlanders and Highlanders with High Altitude Induced Pulmonary Hypertension during the Cold Season.

The role of microparticles (MPs) and cold in high altitude pulmonary hypertension (HAPH) remains unexplored. We investigated the impact of long-term cold exposure on the pulmonary circulation in lowlanders and high-altitude natives and the role of MPs. Pulmonary hemodynamics were evaluated using Doppler echocardiography at the end of the colder and warmer seasons.

Breathing pattern, accessory respiratory muscles work, and gas exchange evaluation for prediction of NIV failure in moderate-to-severe COVID-19-associated ARDS after deterioration of respiratory failure outside ICU: the COVID-NIV observational study.

Background: Data on the efficacy of non-invasive ventilation (NIV) after progression of respiratory failure in patients who have already received oxygen therapy, or CPAP outside ICU is limited. The study aimed to find predictors of NIV failure based on breathing pattern, gas exchange, and accessory respiratory muscles evaluation in patients who progressed to moderate-to-severe COVID-19 ARDS.

Methods: This was a prospective observational study in patients with moderate-to-severe COVID-19-ARDS on NIV (n = 80) admitted to COVID-ICU of Sechenov University.